Conditional  1-integrin gene deletion in neural crest cells causes severe developmental alterations of the peripheral nervous system

The primary cilium plays a pivotal role during embryonic development of vertebrates. It acts as a somatic signaling hub for specific pathways, such as sonic hedgehog signaling. In humans, mutations in genes that cause dysregulation of ciliogenesis or ciliary function lead to severe developmental disorders called ciliopathies. Beyond its obvious role in early morphogenesis, growing evidence points towards an essential function of the primary cilium in neural circuit formation in the central nervous system. However, very little is known about a potential role in the formation of the peripheral nervous system. Here, we investigated the presence of the primary cilium in neural crest cells and their derivatives in the trunk of the developing chicken embryo in vivo. We found that neural crest cells, sensory neurons, and boundary cap cells all bear a primary cilium during key stages of early peripheral nervous system formation. Moreover, we described differences in the ciliation of neuronal cultures of different populations from the peripheral and central nervous system. Our results offer a framework for further in vivo and in vitro investigations on specific roles that the primary cilium might play during peripheral nervous system formation.

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Signaling pathways bridging fate determination of neural crest cells to glial lineages in the developing peripheral nervous system

Cellular Signalling ◽

10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.12.007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 673-682 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Maulilio John Kipanyula ◽

Wahabu Hamisi Kimaro ◽

Faustin N. Yepnjio ◽

Yousef H. Aldebasi ◽

Mohammed Farahna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Fate Determination

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Investigating Primary Cilia during Peripheral Nervous System Formation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3176

Author(s):

Elkhan Yusifov ◽

Alexandre Dumoulin ◽

Esther T. Stoeckli

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Primary Cilium ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Neural Circuit ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Neuronal Cultures ◽

System Formation

The primary cilium plays a pivotal role during the embryonic development of vertebrates. It acts as a somatic signaling hub for specific pathways, such as Sonic Hedgehog signaling. In humans, mutations in genes that cause dysregulation of ciliogenesis or ciliary function lead to severe developmental disorders called ciliopathies. Beyond its role in early morphogenesis, growing evidence points towards an essential function of the primary cilium in neural circuit formation in the central nervous system. However, very little is known about a potential role in the formation of the peripheral nervous system. Here, we investigate the presence of the primary cilium in neural crest cells and their derivatives in the trunk of developing chicken embryos in vivo. We found that neural crest cells, sensory neurons, and boundary cap cells all bear a primary cilium during key stages of early peripheral nervous system formation. Moreover, we describe differences in the ciliation of neuronal cultures of different populations from the peripheral and central nervous systems. Our results offer a framework for further in vivo and in vitro investigations on specific roles that the primary cilium might play during peripheral nervous system formation.

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A member of the RXR nuclear receptor family is expressed in neural-crest-derived cells of the developing chick peripheral nervous system

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.111.3.771 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 771-778

Author(s):

A. Rowe ◽

N.S. Eager ◽

P.M. Brickell

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Enteric Ganglia ◽

Nerve Tracts ◽

Alpha Beta ◽

Posterior Trunk ◽

Nuclear Receptor Family

Retinoic acid (RA) affects differentiation and morphogenesis in various developmental systems and is believed to act through nuclear RA receptors that belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone family of ligand-binding transcription factors. Three closely related receptors, RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma, with distinct expression patterns, have been identified and a fourth receptor, hRXR-alpha, which responds to RA but which has low homology to RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma, was recently discovered. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a chicken homologue of hRXR-alpha (cRXR) and show that a cRXR transcript of 2.5 kb is expressed in a range of embryonic chick tissues. By in situ hybridization to sections from stage 24 and stage 27 chick embryos, we show that cRXR transcripts are expressed at high levels in the liver and in elements of the developing peripheral nervous system derived from the neural crest, including dorsal root ganglia, cranial ganglia, enteric ganglia and peripheral nerve tracts. At stage 16, in the posterior trunk region, cRXR transcripts are expressed by cells in the neural crest and in neural crest cells migrating into the sclerotome, indicating that neural crest cells express cRXR transcripts before overt differentiation into peripheral nervous tissue. This distribution suggests a novel role for RA in the developing peripheral nervous system, mediated by cRXR. In addition, it identifies cRXR as a marker for a specific population of neural-crest-derived cells.

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Neural Crest Cells and Peripheral Nervous System Development

Neural Crest Cells ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-401730-6.00014-4 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 255-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew Prendergast ◽

David W. Raible

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

System Development ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Nervous System Development

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J1/tenascin-related molecules are not responsible for the segmented pattern of neural crest cells or motor axons in the chick embryo

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.107.2.309 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 309-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.D. Stern ◽

W.E. Norris ◽

M. Bronner-Fraser ◽

G.J. Carlson ◽

A. Faissner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Chick Embryo ◽

Neural Crest ◽

Peripheral Nervous System ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Motor Axons ◽

Characteristic Set ◽

Substrate Adhesion

It has been suggested that substrate adhesion molecules of the tenascin family may be responsible for the segmented outgrowth of motor axons and neural crest cells during formation of the peripheral nervous system. We have used two monoclonal antibodies (M1B4 and 578) and an antiserum [KAF9(1)] to study the expression of J1/tenascin-related molecules within the somites of the chick embryo. Neural crest cells were identified with monoclonal antibodies HNK-1 and 20B4. Young somites are surrounded by J1/tenascin immunoreactive material, while old sclerotomes are immunoreactive predominantly in their rostral halves, as described by other authors (Tan et al. 1987—Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 7977; Mackie et al. 1988—Development 102, 237). At intermediate stages of development, however, immunoreactivity is found mainly in the caudal half of each sclerotome. After ablation of the neural crest, the pattern of immunoreactivity is no longer localised to the rostral halves of the older, neural-crest-free sclerotomes. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of affinity-purified somite tissue, extracted using M1B4 antibody, shows a characteristic set of bands, including one of about 230 × 10(3), as described for cytotactin, J1-200/220 and the monomeric form of tenascin. Affinity-purified somite material obtained from neural-crest-ablated somites reveals some of the bands seen in older control embryos, but the high molecular weight components (120–230 × 10(3] are missing. Young epithelial somites also lack the higher molecular mass components. The neural crest may therefore participate in the expression of J1/tenascin-related molecules in the chick embryo. These results suggest that these molecules are not directly responsible for the segmented outgrowth of precursors of the peripheral nervous system.

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