Uncx4.1 is required for the formation of the pedicles and proximal ribs and acts upstream of Pax9

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 2251-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mansouri ◽  
A.K. Voss ◽  
T. Thomas ◽  
Y. Yokota ◽  
P. Gruss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
Differential Cell

The expression of the homeobox gene Uncx4.1 in the somite is restricted to the caudal half of the newly formed somite and sclerotome. Here we show that mice with a targeted mutation of the Uncx4.1 gene exhibit defects in the axial skeleton and ribs. In the absence of Uncx4.1, pedicles of the neural arches and proximal ribs are not formed. In addition, dorsal root ganglia are disorganized. Histological and marker analysis revealed that Uncx4.1 is not necessary for somite segmentation. It is required to maintain the condensation of the caudal half-sclerotome, from which the missing skeletal elements are derived. The loss of proximal ribs in Pax1/Pax9 double mutants and the data presented here argue for a role of Uncx4.1 upstream of Pax9 in the caudolateral sclerotome. Our results further indicate that Uncx4.1 may be involved in the differential cell adhesion properties of the somite.

On the role of glial gaba uptake: Studies with dorsal root ganglia

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Headley ◽  
M. Desarmenien ◽  
G. Linck ◽  
F. Santangelo ◽  
P. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Gaba Uptake ◽  
Uptake Studies

The paired homeobox gene Uncx4.1 specifies pedicles, transverse processes and proximal ribs of the vertebral column

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leitges ◽  
L. Neidhardt ◽  
B. Haenig ◽  
B.G. Herrmann ◽  
A. Kispert
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

The axial skeleton develops from the sclerotome, a mesenchymal cell mass derived from the ventral halves of the somites, segmentally repeated units located on either side of the neural tube. Cells from the medial part of the sclerotome form the axial perichondral tube, which gives rise to vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs; the lateral regions of the sclerotome will form the vertebral arches and ribs. Mesenchymal sclerotome cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to form a cartilaginous pre-skeleton that is later replaced by bone tissue. Uncx4.1 is a paired type homeodomain transcription factor expressed in a dynamic pattern in the somite and sclerotome. Here we show that mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the Uncx4.1 gene die perinatally and exhibit severe malformations of the axial skeleton. Pedicles, transverse processes and proximal ribs, elements derived from the lateral sclerotome, are lacking along the entire length of the vertebral column. The mesenchymal anlagen for these elements are formed initially, but condensation and chondrogenesis do not occur. Hence, Uncx4.1 is required for the maintenance and differentiation of particular elements of the axial skeleton.

Role of GM-CSF in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. F23-F29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxiao Liu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Qinggang Liu ◽  
Zonglong Wu ◽  
Jianfeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Mouse Prostate ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

The etiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is still unknown. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to play an important role in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and function of GM-CSF in patients with CP/CPPS and in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). GM-CSF mRNA levels were detected in expressed prostatic secretions samples from patients with CP/CPPS and in prostate tissue from a mouse model of EAP. The expression of GM-CSF receptor in mouse prostate and dorsal root ganglia were determined using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Behavioral testing and inflammation scoring were performed to evaluate the role of GM-CSF in disease development and symptom severity of EAP using GM-CSF knockout mice. mRNA levels of putative nociceptive and inflammatory markers were measured in the prostate after the induction of EAP. Elevated GM-CSF mRNA levels were observed in expressed prostatic secretions samples from patients with CP/CPPS compared with healthy volunteers. GM-CSF mRNA was also significantly increased in prostate tissue of the EAP mice model. The expression of GM-CSF receptors was confirmed in mouse prostate and dorsal root ganglia. GM-CSF knockout mice showed fewer Infiltrating leukocytes and pain symptoms after the induction of EAP. Deletion of GM-CSF significantly diminished EAP-induced increases of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and nerve growth factor mRNA expression. The results indicated that GM-CSF plays a functional role in the pathogenesis of EAP. GM-CSF may function as a signaling mediator for both inflammation and pain transduction in CP/CPPS.

Role of myosin Va in neuritogenesis of chick dorsal root ganglia nociceptive neurons

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Y. N. Kanno ◽  
Enilza M. Espreafico ◽  
Chao Yun Irene Yan
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Myosin Va
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