scholarly journals ZFP423 regulates early patterning and multiciliogenesis in the hindbrain choroid plexus

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (22) ◽  
pp. dev190173
Author(s):  
Filippo Casoni ◽  
Laura Croci ◽  
Francesca Vincenti ◽  
Paola Podini ◽  
Michela Riba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Zinc Finger Transcription Factor ◽  
Master Genes ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
Secretory Tissue

ABSTRACTThe choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted into the ventricular system. It is a monolayer of secretory, multiciliated epithelial cells derived from neuroepithelial progenitors and overlying a stroma of mesenchymal cells of mesodermal origin. Zfp423, which encodes a Kruppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cerebellar development and mutated in rare cases of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia/Joubert syndrome and other ciliopathies, is expressed in the hindbrain roof plate, from which the IV ventricle ChP arises, and, later, in mesenchymal cells, which give rise to the stroma and leptomeninges. Mouse Zfp423 mutants display a marked reduction of the hindbrain ChP (hChP), which: (1) fails to express established markers of its secretory function and genes implicated in its development and maintenance (Lmx1a and Otx2); (2) shows a perturbed expression of signaling pathways previously unexplored in hChP patterning (Wnt3); and (3) displays a lack of multiciliated epithelial cells and a profound dysregulation of master genes of multiciliogenesis (Gmnc). Our results propose that Zfp423 is a master gene and one of the earliest known determinants of hChP development.

scholarly journals ZFP423 regulates early patterning and multiciliogenesis in the hindbrain choroid plexus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Casoni ◽  
Laura Croci ◽  
Francesca Vincenti ◽  
Paola Podini ◽  
Luca Massimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Cell Fate Specification ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Secretory Tissue

ABSTRACTThe choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and secretes it into the ventricular system. CSF flows from the lateral to the third ventricle, and then to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. Recent studies have uncovered new, active roles for this structure in the regulation of neural stem cell maintenance and differentiation into neurons. Zfp423, encoding a Kruppel-type zinc finger transcription factor essential for cerebellar development and mutated in rare cases of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia / Joubert syndrome and other ciliopathies, is expressed in the hindbrain roof plate (RP), from which the IV ventricle ChP arises, and in mesenchymal cells giving rise to the stroma and leptomeninges. Zfp423 mutants display a marked reduction of the hindbrain ChP (hChP), which fails to express key markers of its secretory function and genes implicated in its development and maintenance (Lmx1a, Otx2). The mutant hChP displays a complete lack of multiciliated ependymal cells. A transcriptome analysis conducted at the earliest stages of hChP development and subsequent validations demonstrate that the mutant hChp displays a strong deregulation of pathways involved in early hindbrain patterning and multiciliated cell fate specification. Our results propose Zfp423 as a master gene and one of the earliest known determinants of hChP development.

The secretory epithelial cells of the choroid plexus employ a novel kinesin-related protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Kevin R Rogers ◽  
Mary Griffin ◽  
Peter J Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Related Protein

scholarly journals Porcine Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Induce Streptococcus suis Bacteriostasis In Vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3084-3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger A. Adam ◽  
Tobias Tenenbaum ◽  
Peter Valentin-Weigand ◽  
Maurice Laryea ◽  
Bernd Schwahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Choroid Plexus Epithelial

ABSTRACT The involvement of the choroid plexus in host defense during bacterial meningitis is unclear. Aiming to elucidate possible antibacterial mechanisms, we stimulated primary porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells (pCPEC) with proinflammatory cytokines and challenged them with various Streptococcus suis strains. In the supernatant of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-stimulated pCPEC, streptococcal growth was markedly suppressed. Costimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha enhanced this bacteriostatic effect, while supplementation of l-tryptophan completely eliminated it. We also demonstrate that an activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the pCPEC seems to be responsible for the IFN-γ-induced bacteriostasis. This supports the hypothesis of an active role of the choroid plexus in host defense against bacterial meningitis.

Lobated nuclei in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus of young mice

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dohrmann ◽  
Peter B. Herdson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Young Mice

scholarly journals A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Human and Porcine Choroid Plexus Cells in Response to Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Points to a Role of Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa N. Lauer ◽  
Rene Scholtysik ◽  
Andreas Beineke ◽  
Christoph Georg Baums ◽  
Kristin Klose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important opportunistic pathogen, which can cause septicemia and meningitis in pigs and humans. Previous in vivo observations in S. suis-infected pigs revealed lesions at the choroid plexus (CP). In vitro experiments with primary porcine CP epithelial cells (PCPEC) and human CP epithelial papilloma (HIBCPP) cells demonstrated that S. suis can invade and traverse the CP epithelium, and that the CP contributes to the inflammatory response via cytokine expression. Here, next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare global transcriptome profiles of PCPEC and HIBCPP cells challenged with S. suis serotype (ST) 2 infected in vitro, and of pigs infected in vivo. Identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, amongst others, involved in inflammatory responses and hypoxia. The RNA-seq data were validated via quantitative PCR of selected DEGs. Employing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), 18, 28, and 21 enriched hallmark gene sets (GSs) were identified for infected HIBCPP cells, PCPEC, and in the CP of pigs suffering from S. suis ST2 meningitis, respectively, of which eight GSs overlapped between the three different sample sets. The majority of these GSs are involved in cellular signaling and pathways, immune response, and development, including inflammatory response and hypoxia. In contrast, suppressed GSs observed during in vitro and in vivo S. suis ST2 infections included those, which were involved in cellular proliferation and metabolic processes. This study suggests that similar cellular processes occur in infected human and porcine CP epithelial cells, especially in terms of inflammatory response.

Neurulation and the cortical tractor model for epithelial folding

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-49
Author(s):  
Antone G. Jacobson ◽  
George F. Oster ◽  
Garrett M. Odell ◽  
Louis Y. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
New Model ◽  
Epithelial Sheet ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Placode Formation

We present here a new model for epithelial morphogenesis, which we call the ‘cortical tractor model’. This model assumes that the motile activities of epithelial cells are similar to those of mesenchymal cells, with the added constraint that the cells in an epithelial sheet remain attached at their apical circumference. In particular, we assert that there is a time-averaged motion of cortical cytoplasm which flows from the basal and lateral surfaces to the apical region. This cortical flow carries with it membrane and adhesive structures that are inserted basally and resorbed apically. Thus the apical seal that characterizes epithelial sheets is a dynamic structure: it is continuously created by the cortical flow which piles up components near where they are recycled in the apical region. By use of mechanical analyses and computer simulations we demonstrate that the cortical tractor motion can reproduce a variety of epithelial motions, including columnarization (placode formation), imagination and rolling. It also provides a mechanism for driving active cell rearrangements within an epithelial sheet, while maintaining the integrity of the apical seal. Active repacking of epithelial cells appears to drive a number of morphogenetic processes. Neurulation in amphibians provides an example of a process in which all four of the above morphogenetic movements appear to play a role. Here we reexamine the process of neurulation in amphibians in light of the cortical tractor model, and find that it provides an integrated view of this important morphogenetic process.

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