The Golgi Material and Mitochondria in the Salivary Glands of the Larva of Drosophila Melanogaster

1948 ◽  
Vol s3-89 (8) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
W. SIANG HSU
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Storage Granules ◽  
Reserve Food

1. The salivary glands in the larvae of Drosophila show evidence of serving two functions: (1) production of digestive secretion, (2) accumulation of reserve food for the period of pupation. The two functions proceed simultaneously within the same cell during certain stages of its development. 2. A single droplet of digestive material has been seen to originate and grow within each Golgi body in the gland-cells. When a certain size is reached the droplet is released into the cytoplasm and by the fusion of two or more of them bigger vacuoles are formed. The secretory material is discharged into the lumen by means of a merocrine mechanism. Neither mitochondria nor nucleus has been observed to take any visible part in the elaboration of secretion droplets. 3. The storage granules found in older and larger cells have been observed to be direct transformations of chondriomites, and neither the Golgi material nor the nucleus shows any sign of participation in the formation of these granules. 4. From the standpoint of morphology and behaviour, the Golgi bodies found in the salivary gland cells are the same as found in the cells of the glandular portion of the proventriculus and the epithelium of the anterior portion of the midgut of the larva. 5. My observations do not lend themselves convincingly to a two-component conception of the structure of Golgi bodies.

scholarly journals Spiroplasma citri Movement into the Intestines and Salivary Glands of Its Leafhopper Vector, Circulifer tenellus

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ok Kwon ◽  
Astri C. Wayadande ◽  
Jacqueline Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

Spiroplasma citri, a helical, wall-less prokaryote in the class Molli-cutes, is transmitted by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Invasion of leafhopper tissues and cytopathological effects by S. citri were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All eight cell types of the principle salivary glands, as well as the adjacent muscle cells and the cells of the accessory salivary glands, were colonized by the spiroplas-mas. In both midgut epithelia and salivary gland cells, spiroplasmas usually occurred in membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles that often were located near the cell periphery. In several salivary gland cells, spiroplas-mas were also observed within membranous pockets apparently formed by invagination of the plasmalemma beneath intact basal lamina. These observations are consistent with spiroplasma entry into the insect cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytopathological effects of spiroplasma infection in salivary cells included loss of membrane and basal lamina integrity, presence in some cells of irregular inclusion-like structures containing dense matrices of filamentous material that labeled with anti S. citri antibodies, and apparent disorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared to the tightly aligned fiber bundles in healthy muscle cells, bundles in spiroplasma-containing muscle cells appeared fragmented and loosely arranged. Such symptoms could contribute to the reduction in longevity and fecundity that has been previously reported for S. citri-infected C. tenellus.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of viruliferous Javesella pellucida transmitting Festuca leaf streak virus (genus Cytorhabdovirus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Lundsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

SummaryThe ultrastructure of cells in the head and thorax from viruliferous Javesella pellucida transmitting Festuca leaf streak virus was studied. Aggregates of nonenveloped nucleocapsid particles were observed at the periphery of viroplasms located in cytoplasm of salivary gland cells, fat cells, and nerve cell bodies. Aggregates of nucleocapsid particles, not associated with viroplasms, were seen within a distance of about 1 μm from the basal lamina of salivary glands. Enveloped virions, singly or aggregated, were observed in nerve cell axons and/or dendrites.

Bluetongue Virus Infection in Salivary Glands of Culicoides Variipennis

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Neil M. Foster ◽  
Robert H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis

Bluetongue virus (BTV) multiplies in the invertebrate host culicodies variipennis and is transmitted by this biting fly to wild and domestic ruminants; e.g., see review. Virus replication in the salivary gland of nonbloodfed flies was similar to that for cultured cells. This report describe observations on BTV-infected salivary gland cells from bloodfed flies.Two-day-old female flies, which had been given a blood meal on normal rabbits when the flies were one day old, were inoculated either with normal or BTV-infected cell culture fluids into the hemocoel. Flies were maintained alternately on water and 10% sugar solution for 14-21 days when salivary glands were removed and processed for viewing in thin section.Viroplasms in association with macrotubules, fibrils, and progeny virions were observed in the cytoplasm of infected salivary gland cells (Fig. 1). Large numbers of macrotubules were observed and they often occupied large areas of the cell. Macrotubules most often appeared in bundles of linear array and had an ordered appearance.

scholarly journals Viral Release Threshold in the Salivary Gland of Leafhopper Vector Mediates the Intermittent Transmission of Rice Dwarf Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Yuyan Liu ◽  
Zhirun Long ◽  
Hengsong Yang ◽  
Taiyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Rice Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Viral Release ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

Numerous piercing-sucking insects can persistently transmit viral pathogens in combination with saliva to plant phloem in an intermittent pattern. Insect vectors maintain viruliferous for life. However, the reason why insect vectors discontinuously transmit the virus remains unclear. Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, was found to replicate and assemble the progeny virions in salivary gland cells of the leafhopper vector. We observed that the RDV virions moved into saliva-stored cavities in the salivary glands of leafhopper vectors via an exocytosis-like mechanism, facilitating the viral horizontal transmission to plant hosts during the feeding of leafhoppers. Interestingly, the levels of viral accumulation in the salivary glands of leafhoppers during the transmitting period were significantly lower than those of viruliferous individuals during the intermittent period. A putative viral release threshold, which was close to 1.79 × 104 copies/μg RNA was proposed from the viral titers in the salivary glands of 52 leafhoppers during the intermittent period. Thus, the viral release threshold was hypothesized to mediate the intermittent release of RDV from the salivary gland cells of leafhoppers. We anticipate that viral release threshold-mediated intermittent transmission by insect vectors is the conserved strategy for the epidemic and persistence of vector-borne viruses in nature.

scholarly journals Isoproterenol evokes extracellular Ca2+ spikes due to secretory events in salivary gland cells.

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (17) ◽  
pp. 10806
Author(s):  
Pavel Belan ◽  
Julie Gardner ◽  
Oleg Gerasimenko ◽  
Chris Lloyd Mills ◽  
Ole H. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells

scholarly journals Trp1, a candidate protein for the store-operated Ca2+ influx mechanism in salivary gland cells.

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (13) ◽  
pp. 9890-9891
Author(s):  
Xibao Liu ◽  
Weiching Wang ◽  
Brij B. Singh ◽  
Timothy Lockwich ◽  
Julie Jadlowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Candidate Protein

scholarly journals Qualitative ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular salivary glands after administration of khat: in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamilah Al-Qadhi ◽  
Rabab Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

Abstract Objective Khat (Catha edulis Forssk) plant has been widely chewed for its psychostimulatory effects in the African and Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen. Considering the khat leaves are gradually chewed without swallowing, while its active constituents are extracted into saliva, studying the effect of khat on salivary glands is necessary. This work is an extension of the previously published work that studied the effect of khat extract on the rats' submandibular salivary glands in terms of histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The current research note aimed to better understand this effect on the ultrastructure of submandibular salivary gland cells by using transmission electron microscope. Results Oral administration of khat extract produced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal cells of rats' submandibular salivary glands. These changes involved irregular boundaries of variable sized-nuclei, dilated RER, cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as swollen and degenerated mitochondria.

Cyclic ADP-ribose Induces Ca2+ Release from Caffeine-insensitive Ca2+ Pools in Canine Salivary Gland Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1807-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamaki ◽  
K. Morita ◽  
S. Kitayama ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
K. Itadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Cyclic Adp Ribose
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