Aluminum exposure impacts brain plasticity and behavior in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins were exposed to various aluminum (0–4700 μg/L) and four fluoride (0–500 μg/L) concentrations at two pH values (5.5 and 6.5) for 4- and 30-d periods. In the 4-d tests, aluminum with fluoride was less toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5, whereas without fluoride, pH had no effect. In the 30-d test, mortality in all treatments was 17–21% at pH 5.5, but only 3–7% at pH 6.5. Fish length and weight after 30 d were reduced in all fluoride–aluminum treatments at pH 5.5, but only in the 200-μg/L aluminum without fluoride treatment at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5 and 6.5 without aluminum, histomorphological examinations revealed no abnormalities in gill tissue. However, in aluminum exposure with no fluoride, gill filaments and secondary lamellae were swollen and thickened. Addition of fluoride at pH 6.5 alleviated some gill damage. At pH 5.5 and 200 μg/L aluminum, addition of 100 μg/L fluoride reduced swelling of gill lamellae, but 200 μg/L fluoride did not reduce swelling. Low fluoride concentrations (< 100 μg/L) may reduce gill morphological damage in fish exposed to aluminum in acidic waters, whereas high fluoride concentrations (> 100 μg/L) may not reduce aluminum-induced effects.

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Erratum to “Effects of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Disruption of seawater tolerance and endocrine status” [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 158 (2008) 122–130]

General and Comparative Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.10.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Michelle Y. Monette ◽

Björn Thrandur Björnsson ◽

Stephen D. McCormick

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Short Term ◽

Aluminum Exposure ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Seawater Tolerance ◽

Endocrine Status

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Large-Scale Escapes of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) into Norwegian Rivers Threaten Natural Populations

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f91-055 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 426-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

D. Gausen ◽

V. Moen

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Large Scale ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Genetic Introgression ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Farmed Salmon ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽

And Behavior

We present data on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which show that escaped farmed salmon enter Norwegian rivers in great numbers. Escaped farmed salmon comprised a substantial proportion of the mature salmon present on the spawning grounds in autumn. A potential for large-scale genetic introgression thus exists. The sex ratios, length distributions, and times of ascent of wild and farmed salmon differed significantly, reflecting major variations in biology and behavior. High proportions of farmed salmon (> 20%) were found only in rivers having fish farms situated closer than 20 km from the outlet.

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Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 216-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Michelle Y. Monette ◽

Stephen D. McCormick

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Short Term ◽

Aluminum Exposure ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

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Microhabitat use by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) sheltering during the day in summer

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z98-074 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 1441-1449 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gabe Gries ◽

Francis Juanes

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Water Column ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Juvenile Salmon ◽

Microhabitat Use ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽

Young Of The Year ◽

And Behavior

Daytime snorkeling surveys were conducted in the Wardsboro Branch, a tributary of the West River, Vermont, U.S.A., in July and August 1996. We documented microhabitat use by 245 juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sheltering (i.e., concealed beneath the stream substrate) at water temperatures ranging from 17 to 23°C, well above 10°C, the maximum temperature at which young salmon are thought to shelter during the day. The majority (92%) of sheltering salmon were young-of-the-year salmon (YOY). Of the YOY observed, 45% were sheltering, while 55% were in the water column. In comparison, only 10% of post-young-of-the-year salmon (PYOY; age 1 or older) observed were sheltering, while 90% were in the water column. Sheltering PYOY occupied greater water depths and were found under larger substrate stones than were YOY. Sheltering salmon (YOY and PYOY) were not distributed in proportion to the available microhabitat. Salmon only sheltered beneath unembedded cobble or boulder substrate, and sheltering salmon were found in pool habitats 43% of the time. Daytime sheltering suggests that the current interpretation of juvenile salmon habitat use and behavior during summer is incomplete. The availability of suitable sheltering habitats may be a factor affecting juvenile salmon production.

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