Seasonal Changes in Blood Sugar, Fat Body, Liver Glycogen, and Gonads in the Common Frog, Rana Temporaria

1950 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria

1. Seasonal changes in the weights of fat body, gonads and liver, liver-glycogen content, and blood sugar have been followed by observations on monthly samples of Rana temporaria which had been kept in captivity for 3 days without food. 2. Three periods during which the blood sugar was high (from 54 to 62 mg./100 ml. of blood) were observed during the year: at the spawning season in March, in June and July, and in November. 3. The hyperglycaemia of June and July was accompanied by the rapid development of the fat body. This phase was succeeded by that of gonad regeneration, during which there was no further storage of fat or liver glycogen, and the blood sugar was low (about 40 mg./100 ml. of blood). 4. When gonad regeneration was nearing completion glycogen storage in the liver became the dominant feature, and the blood sugar tended to rise again. 5. A sex difference in blood sugar was observed at certain periods. From June to September the female blood sugar was higher than that of the male, but from September to January the relationship was reversed. This may be correlated with the differing rates of gonad regeneration in the two sexes. 6. During the winter months, when the food intake was reduced, the frogs utilized some of their stored fat and glycogen and the blood sugar was low (about 40 mg./100 ml.). The hyperglycaemia found at the spawning season was accompanied by the rapid depletion of the fat and glycogen stores. 7. In April and May, after the breeding season, when the frogs were feeding actively, the blood sugar was low and apparently neither fat nor glycogen was being accumulated. It is suggested that this was a period of tissue repair and possibly of growth.

THE RELATION BETWEEN SEASONAL HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE FROG (RANA TEMPORARIA)

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Bodies

SUMMARY The mean blood-sugar level of frogs killed in the field without previous excitement showed no significant variation between April and October inclusive (38±1·42 mg/100 ml.). The resting blood-sugar level at other times of the year, after 2–3 days in captivity, was slightly lower. A marked hyperglycaemic response to excitement could be elicited in the majority of frogs at the spawning season (March) and throughout the summer, while it was only found in April and early May in a few frogs which showed early development of the gonadial fat-bodies. The response was much reduced in September and absent in October. The seasonal occurrence of the hyperglycaemic response paralleled the known cycle of thyroid activity, and a significant correlation was found between the blood-sugar level and thyroid condition in individual excited frogs. A significant response to excitement has been induced in spring, summer and autumn by previous treatment with thyroxine. It is suggested that the thyroid hormone inhibits the destruction of circulating adrenergic compounds. The role of temperature in limiting the hyperglycaemic response is discussed.

Seasonal changes in endocrine organs of the male common frog, Rana temporaria

1968 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Kemenade ◽  
W. J. Dongen ◽  
P. G. W. J. Oordt
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Common Frog ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria

Seasonal changes in endocrine organs of the male common frog,Rana temporaria

1968 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. W. J. Oordt ◽  
W. J. Dongen ◽  
B. Lofts
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Common Frog ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria

Some effects of glucagon on chick embryo development

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
William A. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Sugar Levels

Glucagon concentrations ranging from 1·16 to 300·0 μg/0·1 ml diluent were injected into the yolk of chick embryos on incubation days 8,10, and 12. Studies of survival rates, embryo weights, blood sugars, liver and tibiotarsus glycogen histochemistry, and pancreatic alpha and beta tissue histogenesis were undertaken during the 9- to 16-day incubation period. Glucagon dosages of 37·5 and 1500 μg/0·1 ml diluent gave the best survival rates. Glucagon caused an increase in embryo weight, increased liver glycogen storage, a chondrocyte glycogen storage pattern which correlated with blood sugar levels, an increase in pancreatic beta tissue and a decrease in pancreatic alpha tissue. Studies of blood sugars following glucagon treatment showed that most concentrations caused an initial (first 16h) hyperglycemia. Following this, two general patterns were exhibited: (1) the lower glucagon concentrations caused hypoglycemia after about 24 h, and (2) the higher concentrations caused a more prolonged hyperglycemia when administered on incubation day 10 but caused hypoglycemia when administered on days 8 and 12. Interpretation of these results is based on the contribution of three factors to the expression and duration of the glucagon effect: (1) concentration of glucagon administered, (2) insulin secretion, and (3) levels of glycogen storage at the incubation stage of administration.

The First Record of Tesselated Snake, Natrix tesselata Laurenti, 1768 in the Central Chernozem Territory of Russia and Some Other Results of the Herpetological Research in the Upper Don

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
Georgy A. Lada ◽  
V. Y. Nedosekin
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
First Record ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Common Frog ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria ◽  
Bombina Bombina ◽  
Central Chernozem

A small isolated population of tesselated snake, Natrix tesselata was found in the Upper Don (Lipetsk Region, Russia). It is the first record of this species in the Central Chernozem Territory of Russia, which is separated from the northern border of the main range by the distance of about 200 km. An isolated population of common frog, Rana temporaria and phenetically peculiar population of fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina are found here too. Faunistic aspect of new herpetological records is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document