Increased RBC Count and Pulmonary Respiration in Cold-Adapted Frogs

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
R. V. KRISHNAMOORTHY ◽  
N. SHAKUNTHALA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Content ◽  
Pulmonary Respiration ◽  
Rbc Count

1. Haematological and respiratory parameters (including RBC count, CO2 content and percentage oxygen saturation) were studied in cold-acclimated (12 ± 1 °C) and normal frogs (23 ± 2 °C). 2. Seasonal variation in RBC count was found, the count being higher in January than in September. Females showed higher counts than males. Cold-acclimation resulted in the elevation of counts in all seasons and in both sexes, and was accompanied by a rise in haemoglobin content. 3. Cold-acclimated frogs retained a higher oxygen saturation in the truncus arteriosus than in the cutaneous vein, the carbon dioxide content of the truncus being also reduced in acclimated frogs. The O2/CO2 ratios were thus higher in the truncus than in the cutaneous vein. 4. Cold-acclimated frogs released more 14CO2 through the lungs. 5. It is suggested that a change in the mode of respiration occurs when the frogs are acclimated to cold.

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Miller ◽  
Franklin C. Behrle ◽  
Ned W. Smull ◽  
Richard D. Blim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Severe Hypoxemia ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Marked Tendency

Serial determinations of pH, carbon dioxide tension, carbon dioxide content and oxygen saturation of the blood were made on newborn infants and correlated with the trends of their respiratory rates. Some infants whose respiratory rates were normal from birth and some whose rates were initially high but subsequently returned to normal levels exhibited mild uncompensated respiratory acidosis for 3 or 4 hours after birth. Thereafter, acid-base balances were normal. All infants whose respiratory rates followed either of the above two trends oxygenated their blood 91% or better within a few minutes of birth. There was a marked tendency for infants whose respiratory rates increased significantly on the first day or two after birth to have a moderate to severe uncompensated respiratory acidosis which was worse at birth and sometimes persisted for several days, usually with improvement. Some of the infants whose respiratory rates increased significantly after birth had moderate to severe hypoxemia, which also was worse at birth and tended to improve with increasing age. The hypothesis was advanced that one of the basic difficulties in neonatal respiratory insufficiency was a reduction of resting tidal volume; the latter was universally associated with a significant increase in respiratory rates during the first day or two after birth and sometimes with an uncompensated respiratory acidosis and occasionally with hypoxemia.

Optical density changes in dog blood at full oxygen saturation with changes in pCO2

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-741
Author(s):  
Peter Salmon ◽  
Richard Stish ◽  
Maurice B. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Dog Blood

Quantitative studies have been made of the changes in optical density of whole blood at two wavelengths at full oxygen saturation with changes in carbon dioxide tension and content. At both λ 630 mμ and λ 805 mμ there are lower densities with increasing pCO2 at full oxygen saturation. From pCO2 1.5 to 243 mm Hg the decrease is 0.133 OD units and is equal at the two wavelengths. The OD is linearly related to the pH change. The effect is ascribed to the differences in light scattering by erythrocytes with changing shape and/or volume of the cells. This effect results in a systematic error in measurements of oxygen content of blood when the carbon dioxide content varies, as it does between arterial and venous blood. Submitted on October 22, 1962

Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomólka ◽  
B. Gomólka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Patent Claim ◽  
Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

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