Effect of preferred orientation on x-ray stress measurement in NS.5 aluminium alloy

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Rutledge ◽  
R M Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Practical Engineering

This paper describes an investigation into the effect of preferred orientation on X-ray stress measurements in NS.5 aluminium-alloy sheet. When the sin2 ψ technique (1)∗ of X-ray stress measurement is applied to practical engineering problems it is necessary that the correct values of the elastic constants of the material be used to calculate the X-ray stress values. In this investigation, the X-ray values of Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio v were found to vary significantly with the direction of stress measurement relative to the rolling direction of the sheet.

Diffraction Plane Dependence of X-ray Elastic Constants of Alumina

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kurita ◽  
Ikuo Ihara ◽  
Akira Saito
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Diffraction Line ◽  
Diffraction Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Angle ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Voigt Model ◽  
Accurate Stress

AbstractThe 95% confidence linits of the x-ray elastic and stress constants of α-alumina were detemined from seven kinds of diffraction planes by the Gaussian curve method in order to investigate the diffraction plane dependence of the eonstants. No difference in the elastic constants larger than their 95% confidence intervals was observed for most diffraction planes. Also, the measured elastic constants for most planes were closer to the values calculated from the Voigt model than those from the Reuss model. Since the diffraction line of the (410) plane measured with cobalt Kα radiation by using an automated x-ray stress analyzer locates at the highest diffraction angle of 168.4, the use of this plane will allow the most accurate stress measurement. Also, the measured x-ray elastic constants for the (410) plane almost agreed with both values calculated from the Voigt and Reuss models. Therefore, the (410) plane is the most appropriate plane for x-ray stress measurement of alumina.

The Effects of X-Ray Optics on Residual Stress Measurements in Steel

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 354-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester F. Jatczak ◽  
Harald H. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Beam Optics ◽  
General Electric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Peak Location

AbstractThe effects of various combinations of divergence, receiving and Soller slits on x-ray measurements were investigated for Siemens-Halske and General Electric diffractometers. Influences of the following factors which also affect accuracy and precision of x-ray R.S. results were determined in addition: (a) parafocus versus stationary detector focusing geometry, (b) method of peak location, (c) LPA intensity correction, (d) diffractometer electronic stability and (e) elastic constants.The optimum choiees of beam optics and factors (a-e) were defined with regard to aecuraey, precision and minimurn time for stress deterniination, on sharp and broad line speeimens of soft (annealed) and hardened steel and of annealed Cr-powder.

scholarly journals Elastic constants of sintered alumina for X-ray stress measurement.

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (407) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke TANAKA ◽  
Eiji MATSUI ◽  
Takayuki KURIMURA ◽  
Yoshiaki AKINIWA
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
X Ray

X-Ray stress measurement on steels having preferred-orientation

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dölle ◽  
V Hauk ◽  
H Kockelmann ◽  
H Sesemann
Keyword(s):  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Formed Structure

A non-linear distribution of (211) interplanar spacing is shown to occur in textured steels, the reasons for the non-linearity being marked texture, cold-formed structure and stresses. For stress evaluation it is recommended that the directions ψ be used, which are independent of texture. The paper gives the modified sin2ψ method, for both film and goniometer techniques, for predominantly uniaxial stresses.

Influence of Groove Pressing Process on the Drawability (R Value) of Aluminium Alloy AA 5052 Sheets

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Ekta Jain ◽  
Uday Chakkingal
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shear Texture ◽  
Plastic Strain Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
Plastic Deformation Process

Aluminium alloy sheets have poor drawability compared to steel sheets as indicated by the values of the plastic strain ratio or the R value. Because of the textures developed during commercial annealing and cold rolling processes, the R value for aluminium alloys is typically less than 1. Since the R value is heavily influenced by the crystallographic texture in the sheet, processes that develop a favourable texture can be utilised to improve the R value. In this study, a severe plastic deformation process called groove pressing has been used to repeatedly deform sheet specimens of aluminium alloy AA 5052. The R values of groove pressed specimens were experimentally determined. X-ray diffraction scans of the groove pressed specimens were carried out to measure the relative intensities of (111) and (002) peaks in the pattern. The largest increase in the R value was for specimens cut at 90° to the rolling direction and groove pressed to four passes. XRD data indicate that the groove pressing process is capable of introducing a favourable shear texture.

Measuring Residual and Applied Stress using X-Ray Diffraction on Materials with Preferred Orientation and Large Grain Size

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
James Pineault ◽  
Michael Brauss
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Virtual Window ◽  
The Common ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractOne of the most difficult tasks in applied and residual stress measurement of polycrystalline materials using x-ray diffraction is dealing with preferred orientation and large grain size.A common solution to large grain size problems has been to choose a larger aperture, but in certain cases this is undesirable and/or impossible. When preferred orientation has been identified as the problem, the common approach has been to choose another diffraction plane or oscillate the x-ray diffraction head during data collection. Remedies such as these can distort the peak breadth and are often not sufficient to totally negate the grain size and preferred orientation effects.A technique described as the “step scan with virtual window” has been developed jointly at MTL (formerly Canmet) and Proto Mfg. Ltd. to deal specifically with the aforementioned effects of grain size and preferred orientation.This paper highlights some of the problems that arise in stress analysis of materials exhibiting preferred orientation and large grain size. Subsequently a comparison of the results obtained using standard diffraction technique, oscillation and the “step scan with virtual window” is made.

X-Ray Stress Measurement of Ni-Ai System Intermetallic Compounds

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Tokimasa Goto ◽  
Hiroyuki Tabata ◽  
Yukio Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Heat Resisting Materials

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-Al system intermetallic compounds used as heat resisting materials have been investigated by many researchers[l,2], but there are few studies applying X-ray stress measurement to these materials[3]. Two problems make it difficult: One is the comparatively coarse grain size, the other is the strong preferred orientation along the direction of the solidification. Therefore, it become possible to evaluate mechanical behavior in these materials, if we can measure the residual stresses correctlv by X-rays.In this paper, Ni-25mol%AI(Ni3Al) made by the arc-melting method was employed. It consists of comparatively coarse grains and has strong preferred orientation along the direction of the solidification.

Residual Stress Measurement of Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide by X-Ray Diffraction Using Gaussian Curve Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kurita ◽  
Ikuo Ihara ◽  
Nobuyuki Ono
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
The Continuum

The residual stress induced by grinding or some thermal treatment has a large effect on the strength of ceramics. The X-ray technique can be used to nondestructively measure the residual stress in small areas on the surface of polycrystalline materials. The X-ray stress measurement is based on. the continuum mechanics for macroscopically isotropic polycrystalline materials. In this method, the stress value is calculated selectively from strains of a particular diffraction plane in the grains which are favorably oriented for the diffraction. In general, however, the elastic constants of a single crystal depend on the plane of the lattice, since a single crystal is anisotropic, The behavior of the deformation of individual crystals in the aggregate of polycrystalline materials under applied stress has not yet been solved successfully. Therefore, the stress constant and elastic constants for a particular diffracting plane should be determined experimentally in order to determine the residual stress accurately by X-ray diffraction.

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