X-Ray Stress Measurement of Ni-Ai System Intermetallic Compounds

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Tokimasa Goto ◽  
Hiroyuki Tabata ◽  
Yukio Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Heat Resisting Materials

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-Al system intermetallic compounds used as heat resisting materials have been investigated by many researchers[l,2], but there are few studies applying X-ray stress measurement to these materials[3]. Two problems make it difficult: One is the comparatively coarse grain size, the other is the strong preferred orientation along the direction of the solidification. Therefore, it become possible to evaluate mechanical behavior in these materials, if we can measure the residual stresses correctlv by X-rays.In this paper, Ni-25mol%AI(Ni3Al) made by the arc-melting method was employed. It consists of comparatively coarse grains and has strong preferred orientation along the direction of the solidification.

scholarly journals Study of Structural, Magnetic, and Mossbauer Properties of Dy2Fe16Ga1−xNbx (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Prepared via Arc Melting Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Jiba N. Dahal ◽  
Kalangala Sikkanther Syed Ali ◽  
Sanjay R. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Isomer Shift ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Unit Cell Volume ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Nb Content

Intermetallic compounds of Dy2Fe16Ga1−xNbx (x = 0.0 to 1.00) were synthesized by arc melting. Samples were investigated for structural, magnetic, and hyperfine properties using X-ray diffraction, vibration sample magnetometer, and Mossbauer spectrometer, respectively. The Rietveld analysis of room temperature X-ray diffraction data shows that all the samples were crystallized in Th2Fe17 structure. The unit cell volume of alloys increased linearly with an increase in Nb content. The maximum Curie temperature Tc ~523 K for x = 0.6 sample is higher than Tc = 153 K of Dy2Fe17. The saturation magnetization decreased linearly with increasing Nb content from 61.57 emu/g for x = 0.0 to 42.46 emu/g for x = 1.0. The Mössbauer spectra and Rietveld analysis showed a small amount of DyFe3 and NbFe2 secondary phases at x = 1.0. The hyperfine field of Dy2Fe16Ga1−xNbx decreased while the isomer shift values increased with the Nb content. The observed increase in isomer shift may have resulted from the decrease in s electron density due to the unit cell volume expansion. The substantial increase in Tc of thus prepared intermetallic compounds is expected to have implications in magnets used for high-temperature applications.

A Practical ϕ-Method for the Evaluation of Stress on Materials with Stress Gradient by X-rays

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Sasaki ◽  
Makoto Kuramoto ◽  
Yasuo Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Triaxial Stress State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Textured Materials ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

Nonlinear sin2ψ curves are often obtained in X-ray stress measurement. One of the reasons, for non-textured materials, is a steep stress gradient snowing in a surface layer of a sample. Regarding such experimental results, several new principles have been developed for X-ray stress analysis. At the present stage, we can evaluate the stress gradient in a triaxial stress state. As the next stage of the investigation, it is necessary to consider the validity of the assumptions taken in the principle, especially, the assumption about linear distribution of stress along the depth direction.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of GdPt2In and GdPt2Sn

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Heying ◽  
Ute Ch. Rodewald ◽  
Wilfried Hermes ◽  
Rainer Pöttgen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Experimental Magnetic Moment

The platinum-rich intermetallic compounds GdPt2In and GdPt2Sn were synthesized by arc-melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. The structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: ZrPt2Al type, space group P63/mmc, a = 455.1(1), c = 899.3(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0361, 166 F2 values, 9 variables for GdPt2In, and a = 453.2(1), c = 906.5(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0915, 166 F2 values, 9 variables for GdPt2Sn. The platinum and indium (tin) atoms build up threedimensional [Pt2In] and [Pt2Sn] networks with short Pt-In (Pt-Sn) distances and Pt2 dumb-bells (290 and 297 pm in GdPt2In and GdPt2Sn). The gadolinium atoms have coordination number 14 with 8 Pt and 6 In (Sn) neighbors. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on GdPt2In show Curie-Weiss behavior with an experimental magnetic moment of 8.06(2) μB/Gd atom. GdPt2In orders ferromagnetically at 27.7(2) K

Study on Homogenization Time and Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Hardness of Ni-42.5wt%Ti-3wt%Cu Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Etaati ◽  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
E. Omrani ◽  
P. Movahed ◽  
H. Bolvardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Melting ◽  
Homogenization Time ◽  
Cooling Media

Over the last decades, numerous investigations have been conducted on Nitinol properties. However, the effects of alloying elements on Ni-rich NiTi alloys have been considered less. In this research, different effects of homogenization time and cooling rate on the behaviors of Ni-42.5wt%Ti-3wt%Cu alloy were evaluated. The mentioned alloy was fabricated by vacuum arc melting method. Three different homogenization times (half, one and two hours) and three cooling media (water, air and furnace) were selected. The microstructure and hardness were examined by means of optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and hardness test, respectively. According to the microscopic investigations, no significant changes were observed after half an hour. However, results indicate that increasing time of homogenization leads to finer precipitations and a uniform distribution of them. The various cooling environments result in the formation of two types of precipitation phases. It was seen that in the high cooling rate, the majority of precipitations consisted of Ti2(Ni,Cu) while by decreasing cooling rate NiTiCu precipitates appeared too, which affect the hardness.

scholarly journals Crystal structure and Mössbauer study of FeAl2O4

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Jastrzębska ◽  
Jacek Szczerba ◽  
Paweł Stoch ◽  
Artur Błachowski ◽  
Krzysztof Ruebenbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Mossbauer Effect ◽  
Mössbauer Study ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Octahedral Sites ◽  
Arc Melting

Abstract In this work the synthesis of hercynite from Fe2O3 and Al2O3 powders was carried out by arc-melting method under the protective argon atmosphere. The obtained material was characterized with the use of powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). A Mössbauer effect in hercynite obtained by the arc-melting method indicated the cations distribution in the spinel structure among the tetrahedral and octahedral interstices. The presence of Fe2+ ions was detected in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites while Fe3+ ions occupied only the octahedral interstices. The approximate formula of the obtained iron-aluminate spinel was as follows (Fe2+0.77Al3+0.23) (Fe3+0.07Fe2+0.05Al0.88)2O4.

X-Ray stress measurement on steels having preferred-orientation

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dölle ◽  
V Hauk ◽  
H Kockelmann ◽  
H Sesemann
Keyword(s):  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Linear Distribution ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Formed Structure

A non-linear distribution of (211) interplanar spacing is shown to occur in textured steels, the reasons for the non-linearity being marked texture, cold-formed structure and stresses. For stress evaluation it is recommended that the directions ψ be used, which are independent of texture. The paper gives the modified sin2ψ method, for both film and goniometer techniques, for predominantly uniaxial stresses.

scholarly journals Influence of Layer Removal Methods in Residual Stress Profiling of a Shot Peened Steel Using X-Ray Diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Alkaisee ◽  
Ru Lin Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
The Difference

For X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of Depth Profiles of Residual Stress, Step-Wise Removal of Materials has to be Done to Expose the Underneath Layers to the X-Rays. this Paper Investigates the Influence of Layer Removal Methods, Including Electro-Polishing in Two Different Electrolytes and Chemical Etching, on the Accuracy of Residual Stress Measurement. Measurements on Two Shot-Peened Steels Revealed Large Discrepancy in Subsurface Distributions of Residual Stress Obtained with the Respective Methods. Especially, the Chemical Etching Yielded much Lower Subsurface Compressive Stresses than the Electro-Polishing Using a so Called AII Electrolyte. the Difference was Explained by the Influence of the Different Layer Removal Methods on the Microscopic Roughness.

The Occurrence of a Peripheral Coarse Grain Zone (PCGZ) in Extruded Bars of AA 7108

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1141-1146
Author(s):  
Saul Hissaci de Souza ◽  
Ronald Lesley Plaut ◽  
Nelson Batista de Lima ◽  
Rene Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Angelo Fernando Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Industrial-scale extruded profiles of AA 7108 with a rectangular section (25.60 mm x 15.95 mm) were used in this investigation. Some complementary microstructural analysis techniques, such as polarized light microscopy, EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure, focusing on the PCG zone. It was observed that the extruded profiles presented a totally recrystallized microstructure and a 300 μm layer of peripheral coarse grains. Additionally, the results showed that the PCGZ predominant grain orientation {311} <110> differs from the texture below the PCGZ (Goss and Cube components).

Measuring Residual and Applied Stress using X-Ray Diffraction on Materials with Preferred Orientation and Large Grain Size

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
James Pineault ◽  
Michael Brauss
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Virtual Window ◽  
The Common ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractOne of the most difficult tasks in applied and residual stress measurement of polycrystalline materials using x-ray diffraction is dealing with preferred orientation and large grain size.A common solution to large grain size problems has been to choose a larger aperture, but in certain cases this is undesirable and/or impossible. When preferred orientation has been identified as the problem, the common approach has been to choose another diffraction plane or oscillate the x-ray diffraction head during data collection. Remedies such as these can distort the peak breadth and are often not sufficient to totally negate the grain size and preferred orientation effects.A technique described as the “step scan with virtual window” has been developed jointly at MTL (formerly Canmet) and Proto Mfg. Ltd. to deal specifically with the aforementioned effects of grain size and preferred orientation.This paper highlights some of the problems that arise in stress analysis of materials exhibiting preferred orientation and large grain size. Subsequently a comparison of the results obtained using standard diffraction technique, oscillation and the “step scan with virtual window” is made.

Effect of preferred orientation on x-ray stress measurement in NS.5 aluminium alloy

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Rutledge ◽  
R M Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Practical Engineering

This paper describes an investigation into the effect of preferred orientation on X-ray stress measurements in NS.5 aluminium-alloy sheet. When the sin2 ψ technique (1)∗ of X-ray stress measurement is applied to practical engineering problems it is necessary that the correct values of the elastic constants of the material be used to calculate the X-ray stress values. In this investigation, the X-ray values of Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio v were found to vary significantly with the direction of stress measurement relative to the rolling direction of the sheet.

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