The Integration of Coordinate Measuring Machines within a Design and Manufacturing Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Medland ◽  
G Mullineux ◽  
C Butler ◽  
B E Jones
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Feature Identification ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Probe Calibration

The role of the coordinate measuring machine within the inspection process has changed throughout its brief development. With its integration with industrial computer aided design (CAD) systems, its role is to change yet again. This paper presents the difficulties and limitations of current practice and identifies the inputs and decisions that need to be made within an integrated manufacturing environment. A research programme was undertaken to investigate an approach based upon intelligent communications between systems. This led to the creation of a demonstration system that was employed in the measurement of industrial components. A case study, using a standard test block, is included to illustrate the processes undertaken. This includes feature identification, probe calibration and selection strategies and automatic re-routing to minimize changes in probes and orientations. It is proposed that the approach demonstrated can be incorporated within a concurrent engineering environment to provide feedback and information about machine adjustments through a constraint modelling process.

Automatic Coordinate Measuring Machine Inspection

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Albuquerque ◽  
F. W. Liou ◽  
S. Agarwal ◽  
O. R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Point Placement

Abstract In many industrial applications, such as product prototype development, automation of inspection process can greatly improve product quality and product development cycle, time. This paper discusses a development of a vision aided automatic inspection using Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). We seek to integrate the flexibility afforded by computer vision systems with the precision of numerically controlled coordinate measuring machines to achieve a fully automatic and reliable inspection of the industrial parts. The 3-D design information and part specification from computer-aided design file is used for inspection point placement and CMM path planning. The proposed system demonstrates that optimal collision-free inspection paths can be efficiently generated for geometrically complex parts consisting of multiply intersecting features. This is made possible by using iterative subdivision of surfaces for point placement coupled with, efficient 3-D collision avoidance and path planning. The paper discusses different algorithms used, and presents experimental results.

scholarly journals Digital Tolerence

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (07) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Aided Design

This article demonstrates the use of model-based definition (MBD), which can lead to improve productivity and reduce time-to-market. MBD is a method of annotating 3D computer-aided design models with geometric and tolerancing information. With Boeing moving to model-based definition, members of industry have approached the team in Montreal about investigating MBD’s usefulness. Experts believe that the MBD format, if widely adopted, would have implications for inspection. The part would be inspected against the tolerances contained within the CAD model rather than against the 2D engineering drawings, and that would speed the process and potentially make it even more accurate. The cultural change that will have to take place at most engineering companies will be difficult to tackle, and engineering and manufacturing managers know this. A model-based inspection software is being developed to read geometric, dimension, and tolerance information attached to a solid model. This will minimize operator input during development of coordinate measuring machine programs and improve the accuracy and integrity of the inspection process.

Towards Combining Digitization Techniques in the Generation of Reverse Engineering Data Sets

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Rolls ◽  
W. ElMaraghy ◽  
H. ElMaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Characterization ◽  
Measuring Machine

Abstract Reverse engineering (RE), may be defined as the process of generating computer aided design models (CAD) from existing or prototype parts. The process has been used for many years in industry. It has markedly increased in implementation in the past few years, primarily due to the introduction of rapid part digitization technologies. Current industrial applications include CAD model construction from artisan geometry, such as in automotive body styling, the generation of custom fits to human surfaces, and quality control. This paper summarizes the principles of operation behind many commercially available part digitization technologies, and discusses techniques involved in part digitization using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanner. An overall error characterization of the laser scanning digitization process is presented for a particular scanner. This is followed by a discussion of the merits and considerations involved in generating combined data sets with characteristics indicative of the design intent of specific part features. Issues in facilitating the assembly, or registration, of the different types of data into a single point set are discussed.

Fixture Design Process Automation for Coordinate Measuring Machines: A Knowledge-Based Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
J. Perez ◽  
R. Hunter ◽  
J.C. Hernandez ◽  
Antonio Vizan Idoipe
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Fixture Design ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inspection Fixture

Nowadays, the inspection process is an essential part of the manufacturing process, where a product is subjected to verification of the geometric features, dimensions and tolerance specifications with respect to the product design specifications. One of the most interesting topics in the automation of the inspection process is the right fixture design. In the fixture design process we have used the information provided by the part design and manufacturing process. However, the lack of integration and structuring of this information results in one of the most important problems, producing an increase in the time and cost implied in the development of the fixture design and its implementation. For this reason, this work presents a knowledge model for the inspection fixture design process for a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), which allows the automation of the inspection fixture design process to be made easier, reducing time and cost associated to the inspection process and to the manufacturing process in general.

A Novel Method for Measuring Polyethylene Hip Liner Wear Using a Coordinate Measuring Machine and a Dual Stylus Probe

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Cunkelman ◽  
Byoungwook Jang ◽  
Douglas W. Van Citters ◽  
John P. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Measuring Machine

Ex vivo high-resolution measurement of highly crosslinked (HXL) polyethylene hip liner wear is necessary to characterize the in vivo performance of these polymers that exhibit increased wear resistance. Current studies focus on using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to acquire data representing the bearing surface(s) of HXL hip liners and use this data to determine linear and volumetric wear. However, these current techniques are subject to error in both data acquisition and data analysis. The purpose of this study was to identify these sources of error and present a novel method for HXL wear measurement that minimizes these contributions to error: our novel methods use a CMM to measure both the articular and backside surfaces of HXL hip liners for subsequent data analysis in Geomagic Control and matlab. Our method involves a vertical orientation of the hip liner to enable one CMM scan of both sides of the hip liner. This method minimizes identified sources of error and proves to be an effective approach for data acquisition of HXL hip liner wear. We also find that our data analysis technique of calculating changes in wall thicknesses is effective in accounting for errors associated with data analysis. Validation of this technique occurred via measurement of two never-implanted HXL hip liners of different sizes (28 mm and 32 mm). In comparing the 32 mm hip liner to its corresponding computer-aided design (CAD) model, we found that our data acquisition technique led to a 0.0019 mm discrepancy between the scanned liner and its CAD model in measured thickness at the pole. We calculated 0.0588 mm and 0.0800 of linear wear for the 28 mm and 32 mm hip liners, respectively, based on our data analysis algorithm. We hypothesize that these reported linear wear values of the never-implanted hip liners are due to machining tolerances of the hip liners themselves.

The Use of a Machine Vision System in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell Incorporating an Automated Coordinate Measuring Machine

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
X J Wang ◽  
C Butler
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Aided Design

The aim of this paper is to present a practical approach to the solution of problems associated with using an automated coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. The approach described uses machine vision and image processing techniques to permit transformations of the coordinate systems. In order to achieve flexible inspection, the system can recognize different workpieces by a quick matching method. The actual measuring path for the workpiece is derived from the original measuring path templates to allow for a workpiece to be measured in an arbitrary orientation on the table of the CMM. The original measuring path can be generated off-line by self-teach programming or from a computer aided design (CAD) system. The generation of the actual measuring path of the CMM is not limited by the complexity of the original off-line measuring path.

Dimensional Accuracy of Optical Bite Registration in Single and Multiple Unit Restorations

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Iwaki ◽  
N Wakabayashi ◽  
Y Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rotational Deviation

SUMMARY The dimensional accuracy of optical bite registration in the CEREC system was compared to that of the conventional physical method in vitro using a bite registration material. Maxillary and mandibular full-arch dentate epoxy models mounted on an articulator were used to measure the interarch distance and the angles created by the occlusal planes. The preparations for a single restoration on the maxillary first molar or for multiple restorations on the maxillary posterior quadrant were made on the model. Optical impression and bite registration data were collected to construct virtual models using computer-aided design software. A silicone material was used for the physical method, and the dimensional accuracy was measured by means of the coordinate measuring machine. The discrepancy relative to the baseline before preparation was analyzed in each registration record. For the single restoration, the optical method created a mean discrepancy of 243.2 μm relative to baseline at the prepared tooth, which was insignificantly but slightly lower than the mean discrepancy of 311.1 μm obtained with the physical method. The mean rotational deviation in the horizontal plane was significantly lower for the optical method. For the multiple preparations, the optical method showed significantly larger discrepancy on the right molar and on the left premolar and molar sites. In the frontal view, the optical method created significantly larger rotational deviation than the physical method. The result indicates that the optical bite registration was effective in terms of dimensional accuracy for single posterior restorations.

The Evolution of Tridimensional Metrology: The Era of Computer Aided Metrology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Machado ◽  
João Silva ◽  
João Sousa ◽  
André Filipe Pinto Vale
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Machine Control ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Great Development

Abstract The use of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) provides an accurate and versatile solution for industrial metrology, that is being in use for decades. Although the electromechanical components of these machines have not suffered a great evolution in the last decade, the software used for controlling the CMM have suffer a great development in the last years, making them more user friendly, offering more powerful solutions, such as better CAD support and a better degree of automation, resulting in a faster measuring process. Together with the implementation of new non-contact technologies, like optical sensors for measuring purposes. Overall this resulted in a step further in the functions of a CMM, the measuring process becomes more automatic for either calculations and machine control. The use of new technologies also offers the possibility to work with a bigger amount of data, and virtual data systems turning the process more versatile and able to satisfy the actual demand of the industry, reducing the overall time and price of the inspection process.

Application of the sampling strategies in the inspection process

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hammad Mian ◽  
Abdulrahman M Al-Ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Coordinate Metrology ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Measuring Machine

The selection of appropriate sample size and point distribution on the measuring surface has been a fundamental problem in the contemporary coordinate metrology. It is usually resolved by the users depending on their instinct or prior experience. As a result, inspection results have to be compromised between accuracy and measurement time. However, to deliver quality products in minimum time, effort, and cost, a reliable and an efficient sampling plan is mandatory. Although there have been a remarkable progress due to the development of various procedures for computing the sample size and selecting the appropriate point distribution, still users are inconversant with the characteristics and applications of the available sampling methods due to the absence of a proper review. Accordingly, a systematic review, giving insight into the various strategies available for the sample size and the point distribution, is presented. In this article, different algorithms and their application in the estimation of sample size and point distribution have been reviewed comprehensively. The classification of sampling methods and the importance of adaptive sampling have also been described. It has been concluded that the effectiveness of inspection process or the performance of coordinate measuring machine can be escalated through the application of a suitable sampling strategy. Therefore, the metrologists should either develop an effective method for defining sampling strategy or select the most suitable method from the available resources before carrying out the inspection process.

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