ASO Author Reflections: What is the Cost-Effective Treatment of Melanoma Patients with a Positive Sentinel Node?

ABSTRACTPneumonia is an infectious disease in the lower respiratory tract that affects the lung tissue. Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin antibiotics are the most numerous and good for use in the treatment of pneumonia, but of the two antibiotics is not yet known the options for more cost effective treatment, so it needs to be done the cost effectiveness analysis in order to facilitate the selection of more cost-effective treatment options especially in toddler. This study aims to determine which therapies are more cost-effective than the use of antibiotics Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin in pneumonia patients in the January-December 2018 period in the Bhayangkara Manado Hospital using descriptive research methods with retrospective data collection. The sample in this study were 22 patients, 12 patients using ceftriaxone antibiotics and 10 patients using gentamicin antibiotics. The results showed that pneumonia treatment in infants using Ceftriaxone antibiotics was more cost-effective with ACER ceftriaxone value of Rp. 503,872 / day and ICER value of Rp. 145,588 / day. Keywords : Antibiotics, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis), Pharmacoeconomy, Toddler Pneumonia. ABSTRAKPneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi pada saluran pernapasan bagian bawah yang mengenai jaringan paru. Antibiotik Seftriakson dan Gentamisim yang paling banyak dan baik untuk digunakan dalam pengobatan pneumonia, namun dari kedua antibiotik tersebut belum diketahui pilihan terapi yang lebih cost-effective, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis efektivitas biaya agar dapat mempermudah dalam pemilihan alternatif pengobatan yang lebih cost-effective khususnya pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan terapi yang lebih cost-effective dari penggunaan antibiotik Seftriakson dan Gentamisin pada pasien pneumonia rawat inap periode Januari-Desember 2018 di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Manado dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 22 pasien yaitu 12 pasien menggunakan antibiotik Seftriakson dan 10 pasien menggunakan antibiotik Gentamisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengobatan pneumonia pada balita menggunakan antibiotik Seftriakson lebih cost-effective dengan nilai ACER seftriakson sebesar Rp. 503,872/hari dan nilai ICER sebesar Rp. 145.588/hari. Kata Kunci : Pneumonia Balita, Antibiotik, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis), Farmakoekonomi

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Modelling the cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy compared with cognitive–behavioural therapy and combination therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe depression in the UK

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291715000951 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (14) ◽

pp. 3019-3031 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. Koeser ◽

V. Donisi ◽

D. P. Goldberg ◽

P. McCrone

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Behavioural Therapy ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Cognitive Behavioural ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

The Cost

Background.The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England and Wales recommends the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for the treatment of moderate to severe depression. However, the cost-effectiveness analysis on which these recommendations are based has not included psychotherapy as monotherapy as a potential option. For this reason, we aimed to update, augment and refine the existing economic evaluation.Method.We constructed a decision analytic model with a 27-month time horizon. We compared pharmacotherapy with cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and combination treatment for moderate to severe depression in secondary care from a healthcare service perspective. We reviewed the literature to identify relevant evidence and, where possible, synthesized evidence from clinical trials in a meta-analysis to inform model parameters.Results.The model suggested that CBT as monotherapy was most likely to be the most cost-effective treatment option above a threshold of £22 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). It dominated combination treatment and had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £20 039 per QALY compared with pharmacotherapy. There was significant decision uncertainty in the probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.Conclusions.Contrary to previous NICE guidance, the results indicated that even for those patients for whom pharmacotherapy is acceptable, CBT as monotherapy may be a cost-effective treatment option. However, this conclusion was based on a limited evidence base, particularly for combination treatment. In addition, this evidence cannot easily be transferred to a primary care setting.

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Strategies for the cost effective treatment of Oak Ridge legacy wastes

10.2172/296611 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

A.L. Compere ◽

W.L. Griffith ◽

W.P. Huxtable ◽

D.F. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Effective Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Oak Ridge ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

The Cost

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The Politics of Regulation within the ‘Modernized’ NHS: The Case of Beta Interferon and the ‘Cost-Effective’ Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Critical Social Policy ◽

10.1177/0261018304241002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 30-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Iain Crinson

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Beta Interferon ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

The Cost

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Rough Set Theory-Based Multi-Class Decision Making Framework for Cost Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Suspected Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-733073/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandip Majumder ◽

Samarjit Kar

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Set Theory ◽

Rough Set ◽

Rough Set Theory ◽

Real Life ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Bayesian Decision ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

The Cost

Abstract Rough set theory approximates a concept by the three regions, namely positive, negative and boundary regions. The three regions enable us to derive three types of decisions, namely acceptance, rejection and deferment. The deferment decision gives us the flexibility to further examine suspicious objects and reduce misclassification. The main objective of this paper is to provide a cost effective treatment of a patient suspect to COVID-19 positive by using multiclass three-way decision making with the help of Rough set theory. The cost-based analysis of three-way decisions brings the theory closer to real-world applications where costs play an indispensable role. In our approach, we extend the three-way decision to three-way multiclass decision, offering a new framework of multiple classes. Different types of misclassification errors are treated separately based on the notation of loss function from Bayesian decision theory. In our cost sensitive classification approach, the cost caused by a different kind of error are not assumed to be equal. Finally, a numerical example for a cost effective treatment of a patient with COVID-19 disease is considered to demonstrate the practicability and efficacy of the developed idea in real-life applications.

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