scholarly journals Energy Availability Differs According to Menstrual Status in Trained Free-Living Premenopausal Exercising Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza ◽  
Jessica L. Bowell ◽  
Nancy I. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Availability ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Exercising Women

scholarly journals Energy availability discriminates clinical menstrual status in exercising women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Reed ◽  
Mary De Souza ◽  
Rebecca J Mallinson ◽  
Jennifer L Scheid ◽  
Nancy I Williams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Availability ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Exercising Women

Sensitivity and Specificity of an Energy Availability Threshold in Differentiating Menstrual Status in Exercising Premenopausal Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza ◽  
Jenna C. Gibbs ◽  
Brenna R. Hill ◽  
Nancy I. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Menstrual Status

Induction of low-T3 syndrome in exercising women occurs at a threshold of energy availability

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R817-R823 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Loucks ◽  
E. M. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

To investigate the relationship between energy availability (dietary energy intake minus energy expended during exercise) and thyroid metabolism, we studied 27 untrained, regularly menstruating women who performed approximately 30 kcal.kg lean body mass (LBM)-1.day-1 of supervised ergometer exercise at 70% of aerobic capacity for 4 days in the early follicular phase. A clinical dietary product was used to set energy availability in four groups (10.8, 19.0, 25.0, 40.4 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1). For 9 days beginning 3 days before treatments, blood was sampled once daily at 8 A.M. Initially, thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (fT4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 (fT3), and reverse T3 (rT3) were in the normal range for all subjects. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance followed by one-sided, two-sample post hoc Fischer's least significant difference tests of changes by treatment day 4 revealed that reductions in T3 (16%, P < 0.00001) and fT3 (9%, P < 0.01) occurred abruptly between 19.0 and 25.0 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1 and that increases in fT4 (11%, P < 0.05) and rT3 (22%, P < 0.01) occurred abruptly between 10.8 and 19.0 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1. Changes in T4 could not be distinguished. If energy deficiency suppresses reproductive as well as thyroid function, athletic amenorrhea might be prevented or reversed by increasing energy availability through dietary reform to 25 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1, without moderating the exercise regimen.

Low Energy Availability in Exercising Women: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Slater ◽  
Rachel Brown ◽  
Rebecca McLay-Cooke ◽  
Katherine Black
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Low Energy Availability

Cumulative Menstrual Status is an Important Determinant of Femoral Neck Geometry in Exercising Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Mallinson ◽  
Nancy I. Williams ◽  
Jenna C. Gibbs ◽  
Karsten Koehler ◽  
Heather C.M. Allaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Femoral Neck Geometry

Exercising women with menstrual disturbances consume low energy dense foods and beverages

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Reed ◽  
Jessica L. Bowell ◽  
Brenna R. Hill ◽  
Brittany A. Williams ◽  
Mary Jane De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Women with exercise-associated menstrual cycle disturbances (EAMD) restrict energy intake. Reducing energy density (ED; kcals·g–1of food or beverage) may be a strategy employed by EAMD women to maintain lower energy intake. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: to determine whether EAMD women consume low ED diets; to identify food groups associated with low ED; and to determine concentrations of total peptide YY (PYY), a satiety factor. Twenty-five active females were divided into 2 groups, according to menstrual status: EAMD (n = 12) and ovulatory controls (OV) (n = 13). Two 3-day diet records were analyzed for ED and other parameters. Body composition, fitness, resting metabolic rate, and PYY were measured. Groups did not differ in age, age of menarche, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, body fat (%), or amount of exercise per week. For fat mass (12.4 ± 1.7 vs. 14.9 ± 3.5 kg; p = 0.046), energy availability (28.8 ± 11.5 vs. 42.1 ± 9.2 kcal·kg–1FFM; p = 0.006), and energy intake (29.8 ± 9.2 vs. 36.3 ± 10.6 kcals·kg–1BW; p = 0.023), EAMD was lower than OV. ED was lower in EAMD than in OV (0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09 kcal·g–1; p = 0.018) when all beverages were included, but not when noncaloric beverages were excluded. Vegetable (p = 0.047) and condiment (p = 0.014) consumption and fasting PYY (pg·mL–1) (p = 0.006) were higher in EAMD. EAMD ate a lower ED diet through increased vegetable, condiment, and noncaloric beverage consumption, and exhibited higher PYY concentrations. These behaviors may represent a successful strategy to restrict calories and maximize satiety.

Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Loucks ◽  
M. Verdun ◽  
E. M. Heath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lh Pulsatility ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Low Energy Availability

Loucks, A. B., M. Verdun, and E. M. Heath. Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. J. Appl. Physiol.84(1): 37–46, 1998.—We tested two hypotheses about the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility in exercising women by assaying LH in blood samples drawn at 10-min intervals over 24 h from nine young, habitually sedentary, regularly menstruating women on days 8, 9, or 10 of two menstrual cycles after 4 days of intense exercise [E = 30 kcal ⋅ kg lean body mass (LBM)−1 ⋅ day−1at 70% of aerobic capacity]. To test the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by low energy availability, we controlled the subjects’ dietary energy intakes (I) to set their energy availabilities (A = I − E) at 45 and 10 kcal ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅ day−1during the two trials. To test the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by the stress of exercise, we compared the resulting LH pulsatilities to those previously reported in women with similar controlled energy availability who had not exercised. In the exercising women, low energy availability reduced LH pulse frequency by 10% ( P < 0.01) during the waking hours and increased LH pulse amplitude by 36% ( P = 0.05) during waking and sleeping hours, but this reduction in LH pulse frequency was blunted by 60% ( P = 0.03) compared with that in the previously studied nonexercising women whose low energy availability was caused by dietary restriction. The stress of exercise neither reduced LH pulse frequency nor increased LH pulse amplitude (all P > 0.4). During exercise, the proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate oxidation was reduced from 73% while A = 45 kcal ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅ day−1to 49% while A = 10 kcal ⋅ kg LBM−1 ⋅day−1( P < 0.0001). These results contradict the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by exercise stress and suggest that LH pulsatility in women depends on energy availability.

scholarly journals Current and past menstrual status is an important determinant of femoral neck geometry in exercising women

Bone ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Mallinson ◽  
Nancy I. Williams ◽  
Jenna C. Gibbs ◽  
Karsten Koehler ◽  
Heather C.M. Allaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Femoral Neck Geometry
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