Adrenergic Control of the Cutaneous Circulation during Cryotherapy

The cutaneous circulation is influenced by a variety of thermoregulatory (skin and internal temperature-driven) and nonthermoregulatory (e.g., baroreflex, exercise-associated reflexes) challenges. The responses to these stimuli are brought about through vasoconstrictor nerves, vasodilator nerves, and changes in the local temperature of the vessels themselves. In this review, we examine how thermoregulatory influences mediate changes in skin blood flow through the sympathetic nervous system. We discuss cutaneous vascular responses to both local and whole-body heating and cooling and the mechanisms underlying these responses, with the overarching conclusion that sympathetic function plays significant roles in reflex vasoconstriction and vasodilatation and in the responses to both local cooling and local heating of the skin.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adrenergic control of the adaptive immune response by diurnal lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726911501.793526326 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Cosima Tatiana Baldari ◽

Laura Patrussi

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Adrenergic Control ◽

Lymphocyte Recirculation

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Adrenergic Control of the Force-Frequency Relation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2327 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 2327-2332 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

John Ross ◽

Toshiro Miura ◽

Masashi Kambayashi ◽

Gregory P. Eising ◽

Kyu-Hyung Ryu

Keyword(s):

Force Frequency ◽

Adrenergic Control ◽

Frequency Relation

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alpha-Adrenergic control of oxygen delivery to myocardium during exercise in conscious dogs

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1982.242.5.h805 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 242 (5) ◽

pp. H805-H809 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. R. Heyndrickx ◽

P. Muylaert ◽

J. L. Pannier

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Coronary Blood Flow ◽

Coronary Sinus ◽

Oxygen Delivery ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Conscious Dogs ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Adrenergic Control

alpha-Adrenergic control of the oxygen delivery to the myocardium during exercise was investigated in eight conscious dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) pressure, aortic blood pressure, and heart rate and sampling of arterial and coronary sinus blood. After alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade a standard exercise load elicited a significantly greater increase in heart rate, rate of change of LV pressure (LV dP/dt), LV dP/dt/P, and coronary blood flow than was elicited in the unblocked state. In contrast to the response pattern during control exercise, there was no significant change in coronary sinus oxygen tension (PO2), myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference, and myocardial oxygen delivery-to-oxygen consumption ratio. It is concluded that the normal relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand is modified during exercise after alpha-adrenergic blockade, whereby oxygen delivery is better matched to oxygen consumption. These results indicate that the increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium during normal exercise is limited by alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.

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