scholarly journals Multiproduct Quality Competition:Fighting Brands and Product Line Pruning

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P Johnson ◽  
David P Myatt
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Intertemporal Price Discrimination ◽  
The Common

Firms selling multiple quality-differentiated products frequently alter their product lines when a competitor enters the market. We present a model of multiproduct monopoly and duopoly using a general “upgrades” approach that yields a powerful analytical framework. We provide an explanation for the common strategies of using “fighting brands” and of product line “pruning.” The optimal strategy depends on whether entry prompts an incumbent to expand or contract its total output. We also present a general condition that guarantees that a monopolist will sell but a single product. Our model addresses other issues, including intertemporal price discrimination and “damaged goods.”

scholarly journals Fragment-oriented programming: a framework to design and implement software product line domain components

DYNA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (207) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Correa ◽  
Raúl Mazo ◽  
Gloria Lucia Giraldo Goméz
Keyword(s):  
Software Product Line ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Reusable Software ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Software Product

Software product lines facilitate the industrialization of software development. The main goal is to create a set of reusable software components for the rapid production of a software systems family. Many authors have proposed different approaches to design and implement the components of a product line. However, the construction and integration of these components continue to be a complex and time-consuming process. This paper introduces Fragment-oriented programming (FragOP), a framework to design and implement software product line domain components, and derive software products. FragOP is based on: (i) domain components, (ii) fragmentations points and (iii)fragments. FragOP was implemented in the VariaMos tool and using it we created a clothing stores software product line. We derivedfive different products, integrating automatically thousands of lines of code. On average, only three lines of code were manually modified;which provided preliminary evidence that using FragOP reduces manual intervention when integrating domain components.

scholarly journals Content and Access Provision in a Discrete Competition Model

ORiON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Potgieter ◽  
Bronwyn Howell
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Competition Model ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Product Categories

The non-rival, non-excludable and infinitely expansible characteristics of digital goods with marginal cost of zero strongly favours the use of bundling strategies. Theoretical tractability requires most models in the current literature to make highly stylized assumptions, rarely observed or anticipated in the real-life situations, motivating inquiry. This paper considers a competition model in which: * the firms, consumers and differentiated products are finite in number; * prices are discrete and not continuous; * consumers may purchase multiple items in a single product category where the degree of complementarity or substitutability of the product categories can also vary across consumers; and * where consumer-specific cost savings are obtained when purchasing multiple items from the same firm. Approximate solutions are obtained through numerical simulation. Firms act in concert to maximise the total firm revenue. Our main finding is that the interplay between maximal firm revenue, consumer surplus and prices is very complex and that high firm revenue and high consumer surplus are not antithetic. It suggests also that consumer surplus and market concentration are not necessarily related. Many market outcomes that are observed may be due to chance rather than design as diverse outcomes can accompany situations that are, to the firms, difficult to distinguish.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF ILMU EKONOMI DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT TERHADAP DISKRIMINASI HARGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwan Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Price Strategy ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Intertemporal Price Discrimination ◽  
Price Strategies ◽  
Second Degree

Unfair business competition can cause and trigger monopoly practice where markets arecontrolled and dominated by business doers. Besides, another impact of monopoly practiceis that; the business doers tend to sell expensive products without good quality. Monopolybusiness doers often apply price strategy where the entrepeneurs at normal competitivemarkets are not possible to do that. One of price strategies is price discrimination. Pricediscrimination refers to different price determination at a product at different time to everydifferent customer, or different market, but it is not based on different cost. Price discriminationcan be distinguished into three kinds, namely first degree price discrimination, second degreeprice discrimination, and third degree price discrimination. In addition to that, there is avariant in second degree price discrimination and third degree price discrimination, namelytwo part tariff, intertemporal price discrimination, and also peak load pricing.In Act No. 5 year 1999, discrimination related to prices is regulated in two groups ofrules and articles, that is to say price discrimination which is aproved under agreement, anddiscrimination which is performed by unilateral agreement or without agreement.

scholarly journals Feature Model Configuration Based on Two-Layer Modelling in Software Product Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Elham Darmanaki Farahani ◽  
Jafar Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Product Line ◽  
Feature Model ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Model Configuration ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Application Requirements

The aim of the Software Product Line (SPL) approach is to improve the software development process by producing software products that match the stakeholders’ requirements. One of the important topics in SPLs is the feature model (FM) configuration process. The purpose of configuration here is to select and remove specific features from the FM in order to produce the required software product. At the same time, detection of differences between application’s requirements and the available capabilities of the implementation platform is a major concern of application requirements engineering. It is possible that the implementation of the selected features of FM needs certain software and hardware infrastructures such as database, operating system and hardware that cannot be made available by stakeholders. We address the FM configuration problem by proposing a method, which employs a two-layer FM comprising the application and infrastructure layers. We also show this method in the context of a case study in the SPL of a sample E-Shop website. The results demonstrate that this method can support both functional and non-functional requirements and can solve the problems arising from lack of attention to implementation requirements in SPL FM selection phase.

Modeling and Documenting Aspect-Oriented Mobile Product Lines

2013 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Camila Nunes ◽  
Uirá Kulesza ◽  
Roberta Coelho ◽  
Carlos Lucena ◽  
Flávia Delicato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Relevant Variation

Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) has evolved as a software development paradigm over the last decade. Recent research work has explored the use of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) to modularize variations in product lines. This chapter presents a strategy for modeling and documenting aspect-oriented variations by integrating two existing approaches: (1) use cases are used to express the crosscutting nature of the variations of a mobile product line; and (2) crosscutting interfaces help the definition of the relevant variation join points that are raised by the mobile product line core and are extended by its respective variations. The synergy and benefits of the integration between these approaches are demonstrated by modeling and documenting MobileMedia, a software product line that provides support to manage different media (photo, music, and video) on mobile devices. Evolution scenarios of the MobileMedia are used to illustrate the benefits of the integrated usage of use cases and crosscutting interfaces in order to identify and analyze the change impact on the mobile product line.

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