Markets and Morality

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Bhagwati
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Science

The paper addresses two issues. First, economics has evolved both as a positive science and, from moral philosophy, also as a normative discipline. Advancing the public good requires that public policy walk on both these legs. Second, the criticism has been forcefully made that markets undermine morality. This contention is refuted in several ways.

Mobility as a Service Operating Model to Enable Public Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110266
Author(s):  
Christina Joy Ditmore ◽  
Angela K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Operating Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Equity And Access ◽  
Policy Goals

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the concept through which travelers plan, book, and pay for public or private transport on a single platform using either a service or subscription-based model. Observations of current projects identified two distinct approaches to enabling MaaS: the private-sector approach defined as a “business model,” and the public sector approach that manifests as an “operating model.” The distinction between these models is significant. MaaS provides a unique opportunity for the public sector to set and achieve public policy goals by leveraging emerging technologies in favor of the public good. Common policy goals that relate to transportation include equity and access considerations, environmental impact, congestion mitigation, and so forth. Strategies to address these policy goals include behavioral incentivization and infrastructure reallocation. This study substantiates two models for implementing MaaS and expanding on the public sector approach, to enable policy in favor of the public good.

scholarly journals A Consequential Contingent Valuation Referendum: Still Not Enough to Elicit True Preferences for Public Goods!

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Zawojska
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Survey Result ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Value Elicitation ◽  
True Preferences

Abstract Whether respondents disclose their preferences truthfully in surveys that are used to assess the values of public goods remains a crucial question for the practical application of stated preference methods. The literature suggests that in order to elicit true preferences, respondents should see a valuation survey as consequential: they must believe in the actual consequences that may follow from the survey result. Drawing on recent empirical findings, we develop a model depicting the importance of the consequentiality requirement for truthful preference disclosure in a survey that evaluates a public policy project based on a referendum-format value elicitation question. First, we show that a respondent’s belief that his vote may influence the outcome of the referendum plays a central role for revealing his preferences truthfully. Second, we find that the subjectively perceived probabilities of the successful provision of the public good and of the collection of the payment related to the project implementation not only need to be positive but also to be in a particular relationship with each other. This relationship varies in respondents’ preferences towards risk.

scholarly journals PUBLIC GOODS BUKANKAH UNTUK RAKYAT?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Lesmana Rian Andhika
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Government

Public goods no longer were defined theoretically, public goods should be enjoyed by the public for free. This research article would like to give an overview of the management of public goods not only provided by the Government but the private sector also can perform its functions to produce public goods. The phenomenon occurs, the public good has been privatized, the game monopoly and cartels a threat and could increase poverty. The specific purpose of this research focuses on the management of public goods reviewed from the aspect of public policy which comes from a variety of scientific literature. The method in this research article systematic reviews technique, trying to identify all the written evidence exists regarding research themes. The results of this study revealed that the management of public goods cannot be fully enjoyed by the public for free, the practice of cheating took advantage of being a homework assignment for the government to act gives strict sanctions, reducing the privatization of public goods by the private sector.

scholarly journals Democratic Dialogue as a Process to Inform Public Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre M. Smith ◽  
Jessica Qua-Hiansen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Educational Initiative ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic Dialogue ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

An exploration of the collaborative reconceptualization of a provincial Supervisory Officer’s Qualification Program (SOQP) through the use of dialogic approaches is the focus of this inquiry. The stories, perspectives, and lived experiences of supervisory officers, principals, teachers, parents, students, and members of the public in Ontario were included as essential voices and information sources within policy development conversations. These narratives of experience revealed the forms of knowledge, skills, dispositions, and ethical commitments necessary for effective supervisory officers today and in the future. They also illustrated the transformative nature of narrative dialogue to enlighten, deepen understanding, and alter perspectives. The policy development processes used in this publicly shared educational initiative serve as a model of democratic dialogue. The inclusive and dialogic methods employed to collectively reconceptualize a supervisory officer formation program illustrate an innovative framework for developing policies governing the public good.

scholarly journals Legislative Bargaining and the Dynamics of Public Investment

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO BATTAGLINI ◽  
SALVATORE NUNNARI ◽  
THOMAS R. PALFREY
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Infinite Horizon ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Legislative Bargaining ◽  
The Public ◽  
Markov Perfect

We present a legislative bargaining model of the provision of a durable public good over an infinite horizon. In each period, there is a societal endowment that can either be invested in the public good or consumed. We characterize the optimal public policy, defined by the time path of investment and consumption. In a legislature representatives of each ofndistricts bargain over the current period's endowment for investment in the public good and transfers to each district. We analyze the Markov perfect equilibrium under different voting q-rules where q is the number of yes votes required for passage. We show that the efficiency of the public policy is increasing in q because higher q leads to higher investment in the public good and less pork. We examine the theoretical equilibrium predictions by conducting a laboratory experiment with five-person committees that compares three alternative voting rules: unanimity (q = 5), majority (q = 3), and dictatorship (q = 1).

Strengthening the ethical expertise of evaluators

Evaluation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Stame
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Expertise ◽  
Ethical Expertise ◽  
Societal Development

In today’s turbulent world the ethical contribution of evaluators needs to be strengthened. Evaluators have been constrained making judgments that take account of values and morality by the fact/value dichotomy and other positivist social science precepts. Too often evaluation confines itself to assessing whether objectives set by program designers are achieved. In evaluation, valuing has to support improvement and learning that encourages societal development and equips citizens and stakeholders with knowledge that supports autonomy. This Platform essay argues that past efforts have over-emphasized the ethical conduct of the evaluator. There has been some extension to include broader societal concerns, e.g. the public good and democratic accountability; and more recently considerations of the evaluators’ ethical and moral expertise. However, there has been less attention to judging what constitutes good public policy including relevant criteria and their use. Evaluator judgments must of course include facts as well as values – they are intertwined. This opens up the question of how others have understood the pre-requisites of a “moral social science.”

From disenchantment to renewal

Evaluation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Robert Picciotto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World War ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Good

Evaluation as a free-standing discipline arose out of the ashes of World War II, a time of optimism, when government turned to the academy to guide public policy. The evaluation pioneers shared a bracing vision: a search for truth in the public interest. Seventy years later the glitter has faded, and disenchantment has taken hold. Evaluation, a quintessential public good, has become a market good, and eminent evaluation thinkers are asking the same questions about evaluation that they have been routinely asking of others—with sobering results. Yet, countervailing currents and turbulent streams lie just below the surface. Once a tipping point is reached, a new wave of evaluation diffusion will begin to curl. What might it look like?

Positional Commitments and the Public Good: Perceptions of a Defecting Group Leader

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Sibicky ◽  
Cortney B. Richardson ◽  
Anna M. Gruntz ◽  
Timothy J. Binegar ◽  
David A. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
The Public
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