Mistakes, Overconfidence, and the Effect of Sharing on Detecting Lies

Marta Serra-Garcia; Uri Gneezy

doi:10.1257/aer.20191295

Mistakes, Overconfidence, and the Effect of Sharing on Detecting Lies

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20191295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 111 (10) ◽

pp. 3160-3183

Author(s):

Marta Serra-Garcia ◽

Uri Gneezy

Keyword(s):

Lie Detection ◽

Do So

Mistakes and overconfidence in detecting lies could help lies spread. Participants in our experiments observe videos in which senders either tell the truth or lie, and are incentivized to distinguish between them. We find that participants fail to detect lies, but are overconfident about their ability to do so. We use these findings to study the determinants of sharing and its effect on lie detection, finding that even when incentivized to share truthful videos, participants are more likely to share lies. Moreover, the receivers are more likely to believe shared videos. Combined, the tendency to believe lies increases with sharing. (JEL C91, D83, D91, L82)

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Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000912 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duane T. Wegener ◽

Leandre R. Fabrigar

Keyword(s):

Replication Studies ◽

Replication Research ◽

Standards Of Evidence ◽

Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

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Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100858 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 222-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keyvan Nazerian

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽

Marek's Disease ◽

Marek’S Disease ◽

Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽

Multinucleated Cells ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Infected Cells ◽

And Control ◽

Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

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Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd20.4.121 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 121-123

Author(s):

Jeri A. Logemann

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Patient Care ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

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The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000610 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Alicia A. Stachowski ◽

John T. Kulas

Keyword(s):

Response Bias ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Current Paper ◽

Psychological Measurement ◽

Shared Sets ◽

Self Reports ◽

Original Target ◽

Target Profile ◽

Do So ◽

Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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Effects of Targeted Self-Coaching on Applicant Distortion of Personality Measures

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000069 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 169-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katherine A. Sliter ◽

Neil D. Christiansen

Keyword(s):

Impression Management ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Personnel Selection ◽

Lie Detection ◽

Personality Test ◽

Personality Measures ◽

Personality Tests ◽

The Impact

The present study evaluated the impact of reading self-coaching book excerpts on success at faking a personality test. Participants (N = 207) completed an initial honest personality assessment and a subsequent assessment with faking instructions under one of the following self-coaching conditions: no coaching, chapters from a commercial book on how to fake preemployment personality scales, and personality coaching plus a chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales. Results showed that those receiving coaching materials had greater success in raising their personality scores, primarily on the traits that had been targeted in the chapters. In addition, those who read the chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales scored significantly lower on a popular impression management scale while simultaneously increasing their personality scores. Implications for the use of personality tests in personnel selection are discussed.

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