Labor-Market Dropouts and the Racial Wage Gap: 1940–1990

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Racial Wage Gap

Racial Inequality in the Uruguayan Labor Market: An Analysis of Wage Differentials between Afro-descendants and Whites

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Bucheli ◽  
Rafael Porzecanski
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Racial Wage Gap

AbstractLatin America is a region of sharp ethnic inequalities. Uruguay has usually been considered an exception to this pattern, although no data were available to confirm this assumption until recently. This article uses the Household Survey of 2006 to analyze the wage gap between Afro-descendants and whites through OLS equations, decompositions, and quantile regressions. The analysis finds that discrimination explains approximately 50 percent of the racial wage gap for men and 20 percent for women. Discrimination operates partly through occupational segregation. Differences in schooling are the most important explanatory factor for the rest of the gap. Quantile regressions show that discrimination declines across percentiles for men.

Wages of Skilled Migrant and Native Employees in Germany: New Light on an Old Issue

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110405
Author(s):  
Stephan Brunow ◽  
Oskar Jost
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Labor Market Experience ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Experience Curves

The German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE) argues for a labor market-driven immigration of skilled migrants into Germany to overcome a decline in workforce due to demographic ageing. We pick up this current debate on skilled immigration by analyzing the migrant-native wage differential for skilled workers in Germany and consider various information on firms. Our results indicate that the wage gap is mainly explained by observable characteristics, especially labor market experience and firm characteristics. However, we find lower rewards for migrants’ labor market experience than for natives (flatter experience curves). Our results show that these differences in experience curves become negligible in the long run. Moreover, we reveal firms’ wage-setting policies: Firms evaluate a worker's education independent of migration backgrounds, as migrants possess the same productivity levels as their German counterparts in the same occupations and task levels. Due to Germany's heterogeneous immigration structure, we are able to compare the results for different migrant subgroups and, thus, derive valuable insights into the migrant-native wage structure with a wide reach beyond Germany. This article adds to current debates in various industrialized countries with demographic ageing patterns, as it focuses on an important group for domestic labor markets: skilled immigrants.

Civil Rights Enforcement and the Racial Wage Gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Jamein P. Cunningham ◽  
Jose Joaquin Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Racial Wage Gap ◽  
New Evidence

We present new evidence on three measures of civil rights enforcement--litigation, judge dismissal, and plaintiff win rates--across US district courts from 1979 to 2016. Across courts, higher shares of Republican judges are associated with higher dismissal rates regardless of court composition in terms of gender and race. Further, we find that states with higher litigation rates also exhibit higher racial wage gaps, whereas states with higher judge dismissal (plaintiff win) rates experience higher (lower) racial wage gaps. Our results highlight the importance of legal institutions on the persistence of racial inequality.

scholarly journals Wage differentials associated with race between 2002 and 2014 in Brazil: evidence from a quantile decomposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (87) ◽  
pp. 568-588
Author(s):  
Gustavo Saraiva Frio ◽  
Luiz Felipe Campos Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Racial Wage Gap ◽  
Rif Regression ◽  
Quantile Decomposition ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Wage Inequalities ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Throughout the 2000s Brazil went through a great phase of economic development. The present study seeks to investigate whether this movement was accompanied by a reduction in inequality in the labor market, measured here by the wage gap between whites and non-whites. To do so, three cohorts of time (2002-2004, 2007-2009 and 2012-2014) were analyzed using the microdata of the National Household Sampling Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Amostragem Domiciliar - Pnad). The applied method is the counterfactual Oaxaca-Blinder along with the Recentered Influence Function Regression (RIF-Regression) so that the main determinants of wage inequalities can be detailed throughout the salary distribution. Our results showed that wage gap (totals, due to observed factors and discrimination) are higher in the higher quantiles of the distribution, that is, in professions or activities with higher wages. The results also point that the wage gap between the groups decreased during the analyzed period, which was mainly due to observable characteristics, especially educational levels. However, discrimination decreased only between the first and second triennium and in low magnitude. Apart from that, the main determinants of racial wage gap are returns related to education, experience and professions considered unregulated (self-employment and informal workers).

Lowering Standards to Wed? Spouse Quality, Marriage, and Labor Market Responses to the Gender Wage Gap

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na'ama Shenhav
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Wage Ratio ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Demand Shifts ◽  
Wage Increases

This paper examines the effect of the female-to-male wage ratio, “relative wage,” on women's spouse quality, marriage, and labor supply over three decades. Exploiting task-based demand shifts as a shock to relative pay, I find that a higher relative wage (i) increases the quality of women's mates, as measured by higher spousal education, (ii) reduces marriage without substitution to cohabitation, and (iii) raises women's hours of work. These effects are consistent with a model in which a higher relative wage increases the minimum non-pecuniary benefits (“quality”) women require from a spouse and therefore reduce marriage among low-quality husbands.

Contributions of Skills to the Racial Wage Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-518
Author(s):  
Melinda Petre
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Racial Wage Gap

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GENDER WAGE DIFFERENTIAL IN CHINA’S URBAN LABOR MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMAS HESHMATI ◽  
BIWEI SU
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Labor Market

This paper estimates the gender wage gap and its composition in China’s urban labor market. The traditional Blinder–Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method with different weighing systems is employed. To correct for potential selection bias caused by women’s labor force participation, we employ the Heckman’s two-step procedure to estimate the female wage function. A large proportion of the gender wage gap is unexplained by differences of productive characteristics of individuals. Even though women have higher level of education attainments on average, they receive lower wages than men. Both facts suggest a potential discrimination against women in China.

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