Racial Inequality in the Uruguayan Labor Market: An Analysis of Wage Differentials between Afro-descendants and Whites

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Bucheli ◽  
Rafael Porzecanski
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Racial Wage Gap

AbstractLatin America is a region of sharp ethnic inequalities. Uruguay has usually been considered an exception to this pattern, although no data were available to confirm this assumption until recently. This article uses the Household Survey of 2006 to analyze the wage gap between Afro-descendants and whites through OLS equations, decompositions, and quantile regressions. The analysis finds that discrimination explains approximately 50 percent of the racial wage gap for men and 20 percent for women. Discrimination operates partly through occupational segregation. Differences in schooling are the most important explanatory factor for the rest of the gap. Quantile regressions show that discrimination declines across percentiles for men.

Civil Rights Enforcement and the Racial Wage Gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Jamein P. Cunningham ◽  
Jose Joaquin Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Racial Wage Gap ◽  
New Evidence

We present new evidence on three measures of civil rights enforcement--litigation, judge dismissal, and plaintiff win rates--across US district courts from 1979 to 2016. Across courts, higher shares of Republican judges are associated with higher dismissal rates regardless of court composition in terms of gender and race. Further, we find that states with higher litigation rates also exhibit higher racial wage gaps, whereas states with higher judge dismissal (plaintiff win) rates experience higher (lower) racial wage gaps. Our results highlight the importance of legal institutions on the persistence of racial inequality.

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap in Switzerland over Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flurina Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Wage Differentials ◽  
Over Time

Abstracts This article analyzes the gender wage gap in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Household Panel. The results show that women in Switzerland earn still less than men with the same endowments. One of the main reasons for this gap is occupational segregation: women and men working in femaledominated occupations have lower wages than those in integrated and male-dominated occupations. In order to have equally distributed job categories, 40% of the male or female employees would need to change jobs. But the “preferences” for jobs between genders seem to have been frozen for decades. The gender wage gap is particularly large within part-time employees working below 50%. Younger cohorts, however, seem less exposed to gender wage differentials.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Wage Gap in Urban Labor Market of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahadat Hossain Siddiquee ◽  
Md Amzad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Urban Labor Market

Using the Labor Force Survey 2010 dataset this paper examines gender wage gap in a large sample of urban workers in Bangladesh and explore whether gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution. Mincerian OLS regression and its Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition results reveal that the estimated wage gap between men and women workers is 21.2%. Adjusting women’s endowments levels to those of men increases women’s wage by 12.1% and a gap of 8.0% remains unexplained. The decomposition results based on the unconditional quantile regressions demonstrate that the estimated total gender wage gap is higher at lower end of the wage distribution compared to the higher end.

Racial Differences in Access to High-Paying Jobs and the Wage Gap between Black and White Women

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Anderson ◽  
David Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
Racial Wage Gap

The authors examine the role that racial differences in access to high-paying occupations played in determining the racial wage gap in the 1980s. Analyzing data on black and white women aged 34–44 from the National Longitudinal Surveys for 1968–88, they estimate the effects of human capital characteristics and discrimination on segregation into high- and low-wage jobs by race. They find that differences in workers' measured characteristics explain little of either the observed occupational segregation by race or the racial wage gap in 1988. Further analysis suggests that several changes in the wage structure for women during the 1980s, notably a widening of occupational wage differentials and an increase in the returns to education, abetted direct discrimination in enlarging the racial wage gap among women.

scholarly journals Mujer, trabajadora y madre: la superheroína del siglo XXI = Woman, Worker and Mother: the Superheroine of the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Laura Rodríguez Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Woman Worker ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Broad View

Resumen. La inserción de la mujer en el mercado laboral es un claro ejemplo de logro histórico ya que, gracias a la lucha de muchas mujeres, a día de hoy, es una realidad que la población femenina ha logrado su inserción en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, aun queda mucho camino por recorrer, prueba de ello es que, en la actualidad aún existe un cierto rechazo a considerar que la mujer está cualificada para ser trabajadora, dando lugar a la segregación ocupacional y vertical que provoca como resultado la brecha salarial, circunstancia que refleja como sufre una discriminación salarial frente a los trabajadores de sexo masculino, simple­mente por su género. El objetivo perseguido con este ensayo consiste en facilitar al lector una visión genérica de cómo la situación de la mujer en el mercado laboral se ha ido transforman­do hasta llegar a la visión actual, finalizando con una reflexión que pretende constatar en los lectores la importancia de favorecer una igualdad plena y real en la sociedad.Palabras claves: mujer, trabajadora, igualdad, discriminación, segregación ocupacional, brecha salarial,Abstract. The insertion of women in the labor market is a clear example of historical achievement because, thanks to the struggle of many women, today, it is a reality that the female population has achieved its insertion in the labor market. However, there is still a long way to go, because, at present, there is still occupational segregation which drives to the wage gap and, even, wage discrimination. The objective pursued with this essay is to facilitate the reader a broad view of how the situation of the women in the labor market has been trans­forming until achieving the current situation.Keywords: women, workers, equality, discrimination, occupational segregation, wage gap.

Does the Russian Government Pay a "Fair" Wage: Review of Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Fair Wage

This paper surveys the literature on public-private sector wage differentials for Russian labor market. We give an overview of the main results and problems of the existing research. The authors unanimously confirm that in Russia private sector workers receive higher wages relative to their public sector counterparts. According to different estimates the "premium" varies between 7 and 40%. A correct evaluation of this "premium" is subject to debate and is a particular case of a more general econometric problem of wage differentials estimation. The main difficulties are related to data limitations, self-selection and omitted variables. Reasons for the existence of a stable private sector "premium" in Russia are not fully investigated.

Racial inequality in the Brazilian labor market and the role of education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Firpo ◽  
Michael França ◽  
Alysson Portella
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Inequality

scholarly journals A Short Note on Discrimination and Favoritism in the Labor Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Salamanca ◽  
Jan Feld
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Relative Preferences ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

AbstractWe extend Becker’s model of discrimination by allowing firms to have discriminatory and favoring preferences simultaneously. We draw the two-preference parallel for the marginal firm, illustrate the implications for wage differentials, and consider the implied long-run equilibrium. In the short-run, wage differentials depend on relative preferences. However, in the long-run, market forces drive out discriminatory but not favoring firms.

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