scholarly journals Intermediate Goods and Weak Links in the Theory of Economic Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I Jones
Keyword(s):  
Weak Links ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
Weakest Link ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

What explains the enormous differences in incomes across countries? This paper returns to two old ideas: linkages and complementarity. First, linkages between firms through intermediate goods deliver a multiplier similar to the one associated with capital in a neoclassical growth model. Because the intermediate goods share of output is about one-half, this multiplier is substantial. Second, just as a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, problems along a production chain can sharply reduce output under complementarity. These forces considerably amplify distortions to the allocation of resources, bringing us closer to understanding large income differences across countries.(JEL: D57, E23, O1O, O47)

scholarly journals An Exploration of Technology Diffusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2031-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Comin ◽  
Bart Hobijn
Keyword(s):  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

We develop a model that, at the aggregate level, is similar to the one-sector neoclassical growth model; at the disaggregate level, it has implications for the path of observable measures of technology adoption. We estimate it using data on the diffusion of 15 technologies in 166 countries over the last two centuries. Our results reveal that, on average, countries have adopted technologies 45 years after their invention. There is substantial variation across technologies and countries. Newer technologies have been adopted faster than old ones. The cross-country variation in the adoption of technologies accounts for at least 25 percent of per capita income differences. (JEL O33, O41, O47)

scholarly journals Effective Demand Forecasting in Health Supply Chains: Emerging Trend, Enablers, and Blockers

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lakshmy Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Weakest Link ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Health Commodities ◽  
The Impact

Health supply chains aim to improve access to healthcare, and this can be attained only when health commodities appropriate to the health needs of the global population are developed, manufactured, and made available when and where needed. The weak links in the health supply chains are hindering the access of essential healthcare resulting in inefficient use of scarce resources and loss of lives. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and demand forecasting is one of the weakest links of health supply chains. Also, many of the existing bottlenecks in supply chains and health systems impede the accurate forecasting of demand, and without the ability to forecast demand with certainty, the stakeholders cannot plan and make commitments for the future. Forecasts are an important feeder for budgeting and logistics planning. Under this backdrop, the study examines how improved forecasting can lead to better short-term and long-term access to health commodities and outlines market-related risks. It explores further how incentives are misaligned creating an uneven distribution of risks, leading to the inability to match demand and supply. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed, analyzing 71 articles from a descriptive and content approach. Findings indicate the emerging trends in global health and the consequences of inaccurate demand forecasting for health supply chains. The content analysis identifies key factors that can pose a varying degree of risks for the health supply chain stakeholders. The study highlights how the key factors emerge as enablers and blockers, depending on the impact on the overall health supply chains. The study also provides recommendations for actions for reducing these risks. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, and opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms that by adopting a combination of approaches, stakeholders can ensure better information sharing, identify avenues of diversifying risks, and understand the implications.

INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND INTERNATIONAL INCOME DIFFERENCES

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Rafique Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
American Economic Review ◽  
Intangible Capital ◽  
Capital Account ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

I add intangible capital to a variant of the neoclassical growth model that already features physical and human capital, and study the implications for international income differences. I calibrate the parameters associated with intangible capital by using new estimates of investment in intangibles by Corrado et al. [Review of Income and Wealth 55, 661–685 (2009)] and depreciation rates by Corrado and Hulten [American Economic Review 100, 99–104 (2010)]. I find that for a given efficiency difference between rich and poor countries, the model with intangible capital can explain more than double the income differences of the model without. Put another way, in the benchmark case, differences in intangible capital account for 14.3% of the observed income differences. I also examine the role played by intangible capital in versions of the model with barriers to accumulation. In all the variants that I consider, differences in intangible capital account for 10% to 22% of the observed income differences.

Keynesian Unemployment and the One-Sector Neoclassical Growth Model

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (361) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Backhouse
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Neoclassical Growth ◽  
Keynesian Unemployment

scholarly journals Emulating the local Kuramoto model with an injection-locked photonic crystal laser array

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotomo Takemura ◽  
Kenta Takata ◽  
Masato Takiguchi ◽  
Masaya Notomi
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Multiple Quantum Well ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Laser Array ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
The Kuramoto Model

AbstractThe Kuramoto model is a mathematical model for describing the collective synchronization phenomena of coupled oscillators. We theoretically demonstrate that an array of coupled photonic crystal lasers emulates the Kuramoto model with non-delayed nearest-neighbor coupling (the local Kuramoto model). Our novel strategy employs indirect coupling between lasers via additional cold cavities. By installing cold cavities between laser cavities, we avoid the strong coupling of lasers and realize ideal mutual injection-locking with effective non-delayed dissipative coupling. First, after discussing the limit cycle interpretation of laser oscillation, we demonstrate the synchronization of two indirectly coupled lasers by numerically simulating coupled-mode equations. Second, by performing a phase reduction analysis, we show that laser dynamics in the proposed device can be mapped to the local Kuramoto model. Finally, we briefly demonstrate that a chain of indirectly coupled photonic crystal lasers actually emulates the one-dimensional local Kuramoto chain. We also argue that our proposed structure, which consists of periodically aligned cold cavities and laser cavities, will best be realized by using state-of-the-art buried multiple quantum well photonic crystals.

scholarly journals EXPLORING CROSS-COUNTRY VARIATION IN GOVERNMENT SHARES: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITIES?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Obrizan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Price ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Model ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

Government shares in total output are characterized by significant variation across countries. I noticed a strong negative correlation between government consumption shares and the price of government services in terms of private consumption. Motivated by this empirical observation, I developed a neoclassical growth model with added government that is capable of matching the variation in government shares very closely using only relative prices. In addition, I provide empirical evidence showing that the relative price of government consumption increases with income, which is consistent with distortions prevailing in poor countries. These two observations combined imply that government shares tend to be higher in poorer countries.

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Disruptive Discharge of Electricity: An Experimental Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Science, Department A

1878 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Summer Session ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
The University

The experiments to which I shall refer were carried out in the physical laboratory of the University during the late summer session. I was ably assisted in conducting the experiments by three students of the laboratory,—Messrs H. A. Salvesen, G. M. Connor, and D. E. Stewart. The method which was used of measuring the difference of potential required to produce a disruptive discharge of electricity under given conditions, is that described in a paper communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1876 in the names of Mr J. A. Paton, M. A., and myself, and was suggested to me by Professor Tait as a means of attacking the experimental problems mentioned below.The above sketch which I took of the apparatus in situ may facilitate tha description of the method. The receiver of an air-pump, having a rod capable of being moved air-tight up and down through the neck, was attached to one of the conductors of a Holtz machine in such a manner that the conductor of the machine and the rod formed one conducting system. Projecting from the bottom of the receiver was a short metallic rod, forming one conductor with the metallic parts of the air-pump, and by means of a chain with the uninsulated conductor of the Holtz machine. Brass balls and discs of various sizes were made to order, capable of being screwed on to the ends of the rods. On the table, and at a distance of about six feet from the receiver, was a stand supporting two insulated brass balls, the one fixed, the other having one degree of freedom, viz., of moving in a straight line in the plane of the table. The fixed insulated ball A was made one conductor with the insulated conductor of the Holtz and the rod of the receiver, by means of a copper wire insulated with gutta percha, having one end stuck firmly into a hole in the collar of the receiver, and having the other fitted in between the glass stem and the hollow in the ball, by which it fitted on to the stem tightly. A thin wire similarly fitted in between the ball B and its insulating stem connected the ball with the insulated half ring of a divided ring reflecting electrometer.

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