Risk factors and cumulative incidence of anaemia among HIV-infected injection drug users

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D Semba ◽  
Nina Shah ◽  
David Vlahov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Increase Odds Ratio ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Risk factors for anaemia and cumulative incidence of anaemia were examined in a longitudinal cohort study of 622 injection drug users (IDUs) (8885 visits) in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1988 to 2000. At enrolment, 19.6% subjects were anaemic (16.1% of men and 30.5% of women, P<0.0001) and 8.4% had microcytic anaemia (6.7% of men and 14.0% of women, P=0.006). Cumulative incidence of anaemia was 82.2% (87.9% of men and 100% of women, P<0.0001) during a median of 7.5 years follow-up. Factors associated with anaemia included age (per 5 year increase, odds ratio (OR)=1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.36), female gender (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.27), CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/ µl (OR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.24), weight loss (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.91), oral thrush (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.94), Mycobacterium avium complex infection (OR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.64), and zidovudine use (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48). Higher body mass index (OR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95) and marijuana use (OR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.92) were associated with a lower risk of anaemia. The cumulative incidence of anaemia is high among IDUs, and women are at highest risk of anaemia.

scholarly journals Utilization of HIV/AIDS treatment services: comparing injecting drug users and other clients

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelita Cristine de Melo ◽  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Cibele Comini César ◽  
Ricardo Vieira Dantas ◽  
Bernard François Couttolenc
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study compared healthcare utilization by injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs. Data were abstracted from patients' medical records, admitted on HIV/AIDS treatment centers, between 1986 and 2002, forming a non-concurrent cohort study. Variables included: sociodemographics, HIV/AIDS exposure group, healthcare utilization (consultations, procedures, and prescriptions). Descriptive analyses included age-period and cohort effects. Out of 170 patients, with an average age of 30 years, 39.4% were IDUs, 71.8% were males and had low levels of education. At the first consultation, 86.5% neither received an ARV prescription nor had a request for CD4 or viral load. Injection drug users, as compared to non-IDUs, were less likely to receive ARV prescriptions and requests for CD4 lymphocyte and viral load counts, even though the number of consultations did not differ between the two groups. Healthcare utilization increased in calendar-year in the non-IDUs group, parallel to the implementation of the Brazilian health policy of universal care. However, this favorable trend was not observed among IDUs. Differential outcomes for HIV/AIDS among IDUs, towards worse prognosis, suggest difficulties in terms of adherence and follow-up of ARV therapy in this population.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Injection Drug Users

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e95802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison A. Lambert ◽  
M. Bradley Drummond ◽  
Shruti H. Mehta ◽  
Todd T. Brown ◽  
Gregory M. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug

HIV incidence and associated risk factors among young injection drug users

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari L. Miller ◽  
Mark Tyndall ◽  
Patricia Spittal ◽  
Kathy Li ◽  
Nancy LaLiberte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Alternative risk factors of HCV infection in a rural community in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
J. FAN ◽  
H. LI ◽  
J. CUI ◽  
Y. QIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYA case-control study was conducted in Linxian, Henan Province in China to explore potential risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection unassociated with injection drug use. One hundred and ninety-two persons (41·7% male, 95·8% aged >60 years) were recruited from an earlier cohort. Of these, 48 were HCV positive and 144 HCV negative. Residence in a plain region and 3–10 injections in a health setting per year were significantly associated with HCV in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P<0·01). In rural China, the geographic distribution of HCV infection was heterogeneous and associated with injections in a health setting, a pattern which differed from the epidemics in injection drug users in urban cities.

scholarly journals Social Network-Related Risk Factors for Bloodborne Virus Infections Among Injection Drug Users Receiving Syringes through Secondary Exchange

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwish De ◽  
Joseph Cox ◽  
Jean-François Boivin ◽  
Robert W. Platt ◽  
Ann M. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Related Risk

First injection and current risk factors for HIV among new and long-term injection drug users

AIDS Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sanchez ◽  
J. B. Page ◽  
D. D. Chitwood ◽  
D. C. McBride ◽  
K. R. Kitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Current Risk
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