Determination of T-lymphocyte subsets on site in rural Tanzania: results in HIV-1 infected and non-infected individuals

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Levin ◽  
G Brubaker ◽  
J S Shao ◽  
D Kumby ◽  
T R O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Hiv 1

With the FACSCount TM flow cytometer, counts of CD4, CD8 and CD3 lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratios were performed in a rural hospital in Tanzania. A total of 168 subjects (21 HIV-1 seropositive and 147 HIV-1 seronegative) were tested as part of a population-based serosurvey and AIDS education programme; 134 other subjects were hospitalized patients who had signs and symptoms suggestive of AIDS (69 HIV-1 seropositive and 65 HIV-seronegative). Mean values for the 147 HIV-1 seronegative subjects from the local population were 980 CD4 cells (95% CI 930, 1031), 598 CD8 cells (560, 635) and CD4/CD8 ratio 1.78 (1.68, 1.89). Seropositive subjects from the local population had significantly lower CD4 cell counts, higher CD8 counts and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio. CD4 cells were significantly lower and CD8 cells significantly higher in HIV-1 seropositive hospital patients compared to HIV-1 seronegative patients. However, 23 (35%) seronegative hospital patients had CD4 counts lower than 600. These results establish baseline values for the lymphocyte subsets in this population and indicate that this technique can be used in remote areas to monitor progress of HIV-infected individuals.

scholarly journals Distribution of HIV-1 Infection in Different T Lymphocyte Subsets: Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve vs. Experienced Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Perez ◽  
Sonia Gibson ◽  
Pablo Lopez ◽  
Ellen Koenig ◽  
Marisol De Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Hiv 1

Treatment and biology of lymphomatoid granulomatosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8029-8029 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Healey Bird ◽  
N. Grant ◽  
K. Dunleavy ◽  
J. Janik ◽  
J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Grade Iii

8029 Background: LYG is a rare angiocentric-destructive process with EBV+ B-cells and reactive T-cells. LYG is graded with grades I-II showing rare-moderate large EBV+ B-cells (usually polyclonal or oligoclonal) and grade III showing numerous large EBV+ B-cells (usually monoclonal), likely reflecting progressive transformation. Historically, steroids and/or chemotherapy have a 14 mos median survival. Methods: We are investigating Interferon-a (I-a) for grade I/II and dose-adjusted EPOCH ±Rituximab (R) for grade III LYG. Results: Characteristics of 53 pts are: male sex 68%; median age (range) 46 (17–67) and median ECOG P.S. 1 (0–3). Disease sites include lung 98%, CNS 38%, kidney 15%, skin 17%, liver 19% and nodes 4%. On study LYG grades are I-30%, II-26% and III-44%. Prior treatment was none-28%, chemotherapy± R-34%, and steroids alone-40% of pts. For grades I/II, I-a is begun at 7.5 million IUs TIW and escalated as tolerated until disease regression and continued 1 yr after CR. Of 31 patients treated with I-a, PFS is 62% at the median f/u of 5.3 yrs. Of 25 evaluable pts (3 NE; 3 TE), 60% had sustained CR for a median of 60 mos (4–175). In 9 pts who progressed on I-a, grade III was found in 5. Thus, in 20 pts with only grade I/II, 75% had sustained CR with I-a. In 11 evaluable pts with CNS disease, 81% achieved remission with I-a alone. The median time to remission is 9 mos (3–40) and median I-a dose is 20 MIU (7–40). Among 24 pts receiving DA-EPOCH±R, PFS is 40% at the median f/u of 28 mos. Of 21 evaluable pts (2 NE, 1 TE), 66% achieved CR. OS of all 53 pts is 68% at the median f/u of 4 yrs. Median EBV viral loads in 29 pts at study entry were 18 copies/10e6 genome equivalents (0–22727) (normal<200). Lymphocyte subsets in 30 pts showed a median CD4–428 (24–2322) and CD8–165 cells/mm3 (42–1316). In 12 pts in CR and with serial values, the mean CD8 cells (131 ± 44) (p2= 0.013) but not CD4 cells (65 ± 75) increased with treatment. Conclusions: High dose I-a produces sustained remissions in grade I/II LYG and is effective in CNS LYG. DA-EPOCH±R can produce durable CRs in grade III LYG. We hypothesize LYG emerges in a compromised immune milieu and undergoes progressive transformation if not effectively treated. Historical results suggest steroids may allow transformation by compromising immune function. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The Frequency of Adjusted Renal Dosing of Tenofovir DF and Its Effects on Patient Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Langness ◽  
Jason T. Hindman ◽  
Steven C. Johnson ◽  
Jennifer J. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tenofovir Df ◽  
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B, is renally eliminated and has been associated with renal toxicities. Dose adjustments are recommended for patients with creatinine clearance (CrCL) <50 mL/min. We retrospectively determined the frequency in which HIV clinic providers adjusted TDF doses in patients with CrCL <50 mL/min over a 2-year period and compared clinical outcomes in patients who had TDF dose adjustments based on CrCL <50 mL/min versus those who did not. Thirty-nine patients with CrCL <50 mL/min were identified. Dose-adjusted patients (N = 9) continued their TDF-based antiretroviral regimens for 21 months longer following the first CrCL < 50 mL/min ( P = .0193) and had gains in CD4 cell counts over 12 months ( P = .0009). There were no statistically significant differences in CrCL or percentage of patients with detectable HIV-1 RNA at 6 and 12 months following first CrCL <50 mL/min in those who did versus did not have a TDF dose adjustment. In summary, HIV providers often failed to dose-adjust TDF in patients with CrCL <50 mL/min, but dose-adjusted patients appeared to stay on their TDF-based regimens longer and have greater gains in CD4 cells. Larger, prospective studies are needed to validate these results.

scholarly journals CD28 costimulation and CD28 expression in T lymphocyte subsets in HIV-1 infection with and without progression to AIDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Choremi-Papadopoulou ◽  
N. Panagiotou ◽  
E. Samouilidou ◽  
F. Kontopidou ◽  
V. Viglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Cd28 Costimulation ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals T CD4+ cells count among patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1): high prevalence of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Casseb ◽  
Maria Paulina Posada-Vergara ◽  
Patrícia Montanheiro ◽  
Lígia Maria Ichii Fukumori ◽  
Ingrid Olah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

INTRODUCTION: HIV positive patients co-infected with HTLV-1 may have an increase in their T CD4+ cell counts, thus rendering this parameter useless as an AIDS-defining event. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects induced by the co-infection of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 upon CD4+ cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1997, our group has been following a cohort of HTLV-1-infected patients, in order to study the interaction of HTLV-1 with HIV and/or with hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as HTLV-1-only infected asymptomatic carriers and those with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). One hundred and fifty HTLV-1-infected subjects have been referred to our clinic at the Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emílio Ribas", São Paulo. Twenty-seven of them were also infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-1-infection using two ELISAs and confirmed and typed by Western Blot (WB) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All subjects were evaluated by two neurologists, blinded to the patient's HTLV status, and the TSP/HAM diagnostic was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. AIDS-defining events were in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification of 1988. The first T CD4+ cells count available before starting anti-retroviral therapy are shown compared to the HIV-1-infected subjects at the moment of AIDS defining event. RESULTS: A total of 27 HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected subjects were identified in this cohort; 15 already had AIDS and 12 remained free of AIDS. The median of T CD4+ cell counts was 189 (98-688) cells/mm³ and 89 (53-196) cells/mm³ for co-infected subjects who had an AIDS-defining event, and HIV-only infected individuals, respectively (p = 0.036). Eight of 27 co-infected subjects (30%) were diagnosed as having a TSP/HAM simile diagnosis, and three of them had opportunistic infections but high T CD4+ cell counts at the time of their AIDS- defining event. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that higher T CD4+ cells count among HIV-1/HTLV-1-coinfected subjects was found in 12% of the patients who presented an AIDS-defining event. These subjects also showed a TSP/HAM simile picture when it was the first manifestation of disease; this incidence is 20 times higher than that for HTLV-1-only infected subjects in endemic areas.

Influence of Race, Age and Sex on the Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Healthy Malaysian Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Choong ◽  
S H Ton ◽  
S K Cheong
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells

The lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy Malaysian adults (212 subjects, age 18–71 years) were analysed using a flow cytometer FACScan in an effort to establish a reference range for the lymphocyte subsets. The lymphocyte subsets studied were T cells (CD3), B cells (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3−CD16+/CD56+), helper/inducer cells (CD4), cytotoxic/suppressor cells (CD8) and the helper/suppressor ratio (CD4/CD8). The distributions of T cells, CD4 cells and CD8 cells were symmetric about their means while B cells, NK cells and CD4/CD8 ratio followed a skewed distribution. Differences in race were observed for T cells, NK cells, CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio where the Indians were significantly different from the Malays and the Chinese (higher T cells, CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio and lower NK cells). The B cells were significantly lower in the Chinese than the Malays and the Indians. Age differences were seen only in the Chinese where increased CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio, and decreased CD8 cells were observed. A sex difference was observed only in the Chinese where the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in females than males.

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