No increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia with fixed long-cycle hormone replacement therapy after two years

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Risto Erkkola ◽  
Ulpu Kumento ◽  
Sirpa Lehmuskoski ◽  
Leena Mattila ◽  
Mika Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Increased Risk

The appropriate dose of progestogen during long-cycle hormone replacement is still under debate. We present preliminary two-year results from an open five-year clinical trial of 132 postmenopausal women. All subjects had long-cycle HRT consisting of 70 days 2 mg oestradiol valerate (E2V), followed by 14 days 2 mg E2V plus 20 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate, and a seven-day hormone-free period. No endometrial samples with hyperplasia or indicative of malignancy were found at 24 months.

The effects of estrogen and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Hashemzadeh ◽  
Ryan Romo ◽  
Joseph M Arreguin ◽  
Mohammed Reza Movahed
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Benefit

Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is believed to correlate with lower estrogen level. There are conflicting data regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) based on the timing of this therapy. After large randomized trials showed no cardiovascular benefit of hormone replacement, estrogen replacement therapy was dramatically reduced even though starting hormone replacement in early postmenopausal period had shown significant benefit. There are hardly any reviews discussing in detail the effect of HRT on cardiovascular system while briefly discussing other effects of this therapy in postmenopausal women. The novelty of this review is the comprehensive discussion of this effect that can help researchers and clinicians to design future research or trials. In this manuscript, the effect of HRT on cardiovascular system in clinical trials and basic science will be reported and potentially erroneous conclusions drawn by various studies will be discussed. Furthermore, various noncardiovascular effect of HRT will be analyzed.

Increased C-reactive Protein Levels during Short-term Hormone Replacement Therapy in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marchien van Baal ◽  
Peter Kenemans ◽  
Marius van der Mooren ◽  
Hilda Kessel ◽  
Jef Emeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Objective: To study the short-term effect of unopposed oestradiol (E2) and sequentially combined hormone replacement therapy (E2 + P) on C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: Prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled 12-week study. Sixty healthy, normotensive, non-hysterectomised postmenopausal women received either placebo (N = 16) or daily 2 mg micronised oestradiol, either unopposed (N = 16, E2 group) or sequentially combined with a progestagen on 14 days of each cycle (N = 28, E2+P group). Data were collected at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks. Results: CRP levels increased significantly during the 12 weeks in the E2 and the E2+P groups compared to placebo. No differences were found between the E2 group and the E2+P group [E2 and E2+P group together (N = 44) versus placebo: P = 0.01; E2 versus E2+P: P = 0.75]. To give a quantitative estimate of the increase, the median change calculated from baseline in both treatment groups together was +87% (P = 0.02) at 4 weeks, and +114% (P = 0.08) at 12 weeks, as compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: In healthy postmenopausal women, short-term treatment with E2 or E2+P was associated with a rapid rise in CRP concentrations. These observations raise the possibility that the increased risk of cardiovascular events is related to an initial increase in CRP levels after starting hormone replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5497
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
Yuntae Kim ◽  
Hyunji Park ◽  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
Sihyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially women, have an increased risk of stroke and death. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used in postmenopausal women, the association between HRT use and AF risk is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between various types of HRT and AF. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study from The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2004–2015). Participants were aged 45–60 years and were free from cardiovascular disease and AF at baseline. Overall, 13,452 (64.03%) women had never received HRT, 5671 (26.99%) had received HRT, and 1885 (8.98%) were currently receiving HRT. In multivariable analysis, the relative hazards for AF were significantly higher among current users (p < 0.001) and lower among past users (p = 0.069). Current users—except those using estradiol-only HRT—had significantly elevated AF risk. Among past users, only estradiol plus progestin HRT users had a reduced AF risk after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.027). Ongoing HRT posed an increased risk of AF. The degree of risk varied based on the specific type of estrogen and progestins co-administration. These findings indicate that, with respect to AF risk, oral estradiol-containing HRT is superior to HRT containing oral conjugated equine estrogen or tibolone.

Management of Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Francis
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fluoride Salts ◽  
Major Abnormality

The pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is different from postmenopausal osteoporosis in that the major abnormality is a reduction in bone formation. Corticosteroids result in a 10–15% overall bone loss leading to an increased risk of fracture. Patients on corticosteroids also appear to fracture at a higher bone density than other postmenopausal women. It may therefore be appropriate to start treatment for osteoporosis in corticosteroid-treated patients at a higher bone density than for other postmenopausal women. The various treatments that have been employed are discussed, including calcium and vitamin D, calcitriol, hormone replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, anabolic steroids and fluoride salts. Bisphosphonates are the most extensively investigated treatments. The use of hormone replacement therapy should also be encouraged. The role of other treatments such as calcitriol, calcitonin and fluoride salts remains uncertain.

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