The renal cortex angiogram and renal blood flow: studies of renal cortical perfusion under differing functional states

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (523) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lavender ◽  
Thomas Sherwood ◽  
Susan Russell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Cortical Perfusion

Measurement of Intrarenal Blood-Flow Distribution in the Rabbit Using Radioactive Microspheres

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Warren ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Radioactive Microspheres ◽  
Injection Dose ◽  
Intrarenal Blood Flow ◽  
Total Renal Blood Flow

1. Total renal blood flow and its distribution within the renal cortex of the conscious rabbit were studied with radioactive microspheres of 15 and 25 μm diameter. 2. The reliability of the microsphere technique was influenced by microsphere diameter and number (dose). The optimum microsphere diameter for determination of flow distribution in the rabbit kidney was 15 μm and dose 100–150 000 spheres. 3. Spheres of 15 μm nominal diameter were randomly distributed within the renal cortex of adult rabbits. The larger spheres in batches nominally 15 μm in diameter in young rabbits and 25 μm diameter in adult rabbits were preferentially distributed to the superficial cortex. 4. In adult rabbits 15 μm diameter spheres lodged in glomerular capillaries. Larger spheres occasionally lodged in interlobular arteries causing intrarenal haemorrhage. 5. Microspheres of 15 μm caused a decrease in renal clearance of creatinine and of p-aminohippurate when the total injection dose was about 200 000 spheres. These effects were greater when the injection dose was increased to 500 000 spheres. 6. The reduction in total renal blood flow observed with large doses of spheres largely reflected decreased outer cortical flow, as measured by a second injection of spheres, and confirmed by a decrease in p-aminohippurate extraction. 7. The reproducibility of multiple injection studies was limited by these intrarenal effects of microspheres. 8. Total renal blood flow measured in six rabbits in acute experiments by the microsphere technique was 107 ± 12 (mean±sd) ml/min and by p-aminohippurate clearance was 100 ± 10 ml/min. 9. Total renal blood flow in twelve conscious, chronically instrumented rabbits was 125 ± 11 ml/min, of which 92 ± 6 ml/min was distributed to the superficial cortex and 33 ± 4 ml/min to the deep cortex.

Renal Vascular Response to Haemorrhage in the Rabbit after Pentobarbitone, Chloralose–Urethane and Ether Anaesthesia

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
D. J. Warren ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Ether Anaesthesia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conscious Rabbits ◽  
Urethane Anaesthesia ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Cortical Distribution ◽  
Total Renal Blood Flow

1. Total renal blood flow and its cortical distribution were measured by the microsphere technique before and after haemorrhage in conscious rabbits, and after haemorrhage in rabbits anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, chloralose—urethane or ether. 2. The average blood loss necessary to achieve a fall in systolic blood pressure to about 65 mmHg was 101 ml in conscious rabbits and 38, 90 and 118 ml in weight-matched groups of rabbits anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, chloralose—urethane and ether respectively. 3. After haemorrhage in conscious rabbits total renal blood flow fell by 25%, this fall being confined to the superficial renal cortex. 4. In rabbits subject to haemorrhage under pentobarbitone anaesthesia renal blood flow fell by a further 23% when compared with the conscious bled rabbits. This reduction in blood flow was confined to the superficial cortex. 5. Haemorrhage in the rabbits subjected to chloralose—urethane anaesthesia caused no significant change in renal blood flow, as compared with conscious bled rabbits. 6. Haemorrhage under ether anaesthesia was associated with a further 33% fall in total renal blood flow, as compared with conscious bled rabbits. This was associated with a fall of 32% and 34% in superficial and deep cortical blood flow respectively. 7. Animals subjected to general anaesthesia may be particularly susceptible to the renal haemodynamic effects of haemorrhage.

Effect of renal ischemia on cortical microsomal calcium accumulation

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (5) ◽  
pp. C476-C483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schieppati ◽  
P. D. Wilson ◽  
T. J. Burke ◽  
R. W. Schrier
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Bilateral Renal Artery ◽  
Ischemic Acute Renal Failure

Mitochondrial respiration, Ca2+ content, and Ca2+ kinetics have been found to be profoundly altered in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). The effect of clamping the bilateral renal artery for 50 and 90 min on microsomal Ca2+ uptake was therefore examined in the rat. The 50-min clamping produced a reversible model of nonoliguric ARF, and the 90-min clamping produced a model of nonreversible oliguric ARF. In the 50-min nonoliguric model, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by microsomes from renal cortex (nmol X mg protein-1 X 30 min-1) was significantly impaired immediately before release of the clamp and before return of renal blood flow (reflow) (191 +/- 11 vs. 83 +/- 11, P less than 0.005). However, in this nonoliguric model of ischemic ARF, microsomal uptake returned completely to normal after 1 h of reflow (sham 189 +/- 11 vs. 167 +/- 14 at 1 h, NS) and persisted at this normal level at 24 h (sham 166 +/- 14 vs. 150 +/- 13 at 24 h, NS). In the oliguric model of ARF the microsomal Ca2+ uptake also was impaired immediately after the clamp release (sham 191 +/- 11 vs. 93 +/- 11, P less than 0.001) as well as after 1 h of reflow (sham 189 +/- 11 vs. 129 +/- 12, P less than 0.005) but not at 24 h (sham 166 +/- 14 vs. 173 +/- 13, NS). The results indicate that impaired microsomal Ca2+ uptake occurs early in both oliguric and nonoliguric ARF and persists after 1 h of reflow in the oliguric model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Relationship between renal perfusion pressure and blood flow in different regions of the kidney

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. R578-R583 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Mattson ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
R. J. Roman ◽  
A. W. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Cortical Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow

The present study examined the autoregulation of blood flow in different regions of the renal cortex and medulla in volume-expanded or hydropenic anesthetized rats. Blood flow was measured in the whole kidney by electromagnetic flowmetry, in the superficial cortex with implanted fibers and external probes for laser-Doppler flowmetry, and in the deep cortex and inner and outer medulla with implanted fibers for laser-Doppler flowmetry. At renal perfusion pressure > 100 mmHg, renal blood flow, superficial cortical blood flow, and deep cortical blood flow were all very well autoregulated in both volume-expanded and hydropenic rats. Inner and outer medullary blood flow were also well autoregulated in hydropenia, but blood flow in these regions was very poorly autoregulated in volume-expanded animals. As renal perfusion pressure was decreased below 100 mmHg in volume-expanded and hydropenic animals, renal blood flow, superficial and deep cortical blood flow, and inner and outer medullary blood flow all decreased. The results of these experiments demonstrate that blood flow in both the inner and outer portions of the renal medulla of the kidney is poorly autoregulated in volume-expanded rats but well autoregulated in hydropenic animals. In contrast, blood flow in all regions of the renal cortex is well autoregulated in both volume-expanded and hydropenic animals. These results suggest that changes in resistance in the postglomerular circulation of deep nephrons are responsible for the poor autoregulation of medullary blood flow in volume expansion despite well autoregulated cortical blood flow.

A study of regional distribution of renal blood flow using quantitative autoradiography

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. F958-F962
Author(s):  
J. G. Geraghty ◽  
M. Nsubuga ◽  
W. J. Angerson ◽  
N. N. Williams ◽  
A. A. Sarazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Autoradiography ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regional Renal Blood Flow

Quantitative autoradiography utilizing [14C]iodoantipyrine was used to measure regional renal blood flow in anesthetized rats. This technique allowed blood flow in any region of the kidney to be measured with a resolution of 100 microns. There was no significant difference between flow to polar and middle regions of the renal cortex [875 +/- 57 vs. 926 +/- 71 (SE) ml.100 g-1 x mm-1]. Areas of high optical density in renal cortex corresponded to peritubular capillaries. Mean cortical blood flow was three times greater than mean medullary blood flow. Outer medullary blood flow was uniform but significantly higher than inner medullary blood flow (272 +/- 16 vs. 45 +/- 7 ml.100 g-1 x mm-1; P < 0.001).

Neonatal changes in renal blood flow distribution in puppies

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Aschinberg ◽  
DI Goldsmith ◽  
H Olbing ◽  
A Spitzer ◽  
Edelmann CM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Inner Cortex ◽  
Renal Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Intrarenal Distribution

The intrarenal distribution of blood flow was studied in 31 newborn mongrel puppies from 18 h to 70 days using xenon washout and krypton autoradiography. Mean renal blood flow increased from 0.39 plus or minus 0.05 ml/g per min (SE) the 1st wk to 2.06 plus or minus 0.12 ml/g per min at 6 wk. During the 1st wk of life renal cortex was perfused homo-geneously at 0.88 plus or minus 0.19 ml/g per min (SE) and accounted for 35 plus or minus 4% of the renal blood flow. During the 2nd wk a narrow, rapidly perfused zone of outer cortex was identified which was perfused at 3.35 plus or minus 0.26 ml/g per min, received 19.53 plus or minus 5.05% of the total renal blood flow, and represented 15 plus or minus 4% of the mass of the total cortex. The inner cortex and outer medulla at this time received 53.40 plus or minus 4.12% of the flow at 1.07 plus or minus 0.08 ml/g per min. Outer cortical flow increased with age reaching adult values by about 6-10 wk when the rapidly perfused area represented 40 plus or minus 8% of the cortex. These changes are parallel to the results of previously reported studies with microspheres in newborn puppies and are compatible with the well established maturational changes noted in neonates of several species. They represent the first gas-washout studies in animals during the first 6 wk of life.

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