scholarly journals Thermographic imaging of facial skin—gender differences and temperature changes over time in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Christensen ◽  
M Vaeth ◽  
A Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thermographic Imaging ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Birth, marriage and death in illegitimacy: a study in northern Portugal

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Abade ◽  
Jaume Bertranpetit
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
North East ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

SummaryIn populations in which the frequency of illegitimacy is high, illegitimates and legitimates may be subjected to different demographic and social pressures, with social and genetic consequences. A rural population from north-east Portugal is studied and variables from birth, marriage and death records are compared according to the legitimacy of the individuals. The analysis shows important differential demographic patterns in infant and child mortality and in migration prior to and related to marriage, especially in women. Some changes over time and gender differences are also evident.

Work values among the unemployed: Changes over time and some gender differences

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERSTIN ISAKSSON ◽  
GUNN JOHANSSON ◽  
KATALIN BELLAAGH ◽  
ANDERS SJOBERG
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Over Time

Cauchy type nonlinear inverse problem in a two-layer area

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ciałkowski ◽  
Aleksander Olejnik ◽  
Magda Joachimiak ◽  
Krzysztof Grysa ◽  
Andrzej Frąckowiak
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Cauchy Problem ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cauchy Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Purpose To reduce the heat load of a gas turbine blade, its surface is covered with an outer layer of ceramics with high thermal resistance. The purpose of this paper is the selection of ceramics with such a low heat conduction coefficient and thickness, so that the permissible metal temperature is not exceeded on the metal-ceramics interface due to the loss ofmechanical properties. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, for given temperature changes over time on the metal-ceramics interface, temperature changes over time on the inner side of the blade and the assumed initial temperature, the temperature change over time on the outer surface of the ceramics should be determined. The problem presented in this way is a Cauchy type problem. When analyzing the problem, it is taken into account that thermophysical properties of metal and ceramics may depend on temperature. Due to the thin layer of ceramics in relation to the wall thickness, the problem is considered in the area in the flat layer. Thus, a one-dimensional non-stationary heat flow is considered. Findings The range of stability of the Cauchy problem as a function of time step, thickness of ceramics and thermophysical properties of metal and ceramics are examined. The numerical computations also involved the influence of disturbances in the temperature on metal-ceramics interface on the solution to the inverse problem. Practical implications The computational model can be used to analyze the heat flow in gas turbine blades with thermal barrier. Originality/value A number of inverse problems of the type considered in the paper are presented in the literature. Inverse problems, especially those Cauchy-type, are ill-conditioned numerically, which means that a small change in the inputs may result in significant errors of the solution. In such a case, regularization of the inverse problem is needed. However, the Cauchy problem presented in the paper does not require regularization.

scholarly journals Mapping regional strain in anesthetised healthy subjects during spontaneous ventilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cruces ◽  
Benjamin Erranz ◽  
Felipe Lillo ◽  
Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos ◽  
Pablo Iturrieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Finite Element Approach ◽  
Regional Strain ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionBreathing produces a phenomenon of cyclic deformation throughout life. Biomechanically, deformation of the lung is measured as strain. Regional strain recently started to be recognised as a tool in the study of lung pathophysiology, but regional lung strain has not been studied in healthy subjects breathing spontaneously without voluntary or pharmacological control of ventilation. Our aim is to generate three-dimensional (3D) regional strain and heterogeneity maps of healthy rat lungs and describe their changes over time.MethodsMicro-CT and image-based biomechanical analysis by finite element approach were carried out in six anaesthetised rats under spontaneous breathing in two different states, at the beginning of the experiment and after 3 hours of observation. 3D regional strain maps were constructed and divided into 10 isovolumetric region-of-interest (ROI) in three directions (apex to base, dorsal to ventral and costal to mediastinal), allowing to regionally analyse the volumetric strain, the strain progression and the strain heterogeneity. To describe in depth these parameters, and systematise their report, we defined regional strain heterogeneity index [1+strain SD ROI(x)]/[1+strain mean ROI(x)] and regional strain progression index [ROI(x)−mean of final strain/ROI(x)−mean of initial strain].ResultsWe were able to generate 3D regional strain maps of the lung in subjects without respiratory support, showing significant differences among the three analysed axes. We observed a significantly lower regional volumetric strain in the apex sector compared with the base, with no significant anatomical systematic differences in the other directions. This heterogeneity could not be identified with physiological or standard CT methods. There was no progression of the analysed regional volumetric strain when the two time-points were compared.DiscussionIt is possible to map the regional volumetric strain in the lung for healthy subjects during spontaneous breathing. Regional strain heterogeneity and changes over time can be measured using a CT image-based numerical analysis applying a finite element approach. These results support that healthy lung might have significant regional strain and its spatial distribution is highly heterogeneous. This protocol for CT image acquisition and analysis could be a useful tool for helping to understand the mechanobiology of the lung in many diseases.

scholarly journals Toward Improved Spectral Measures of /s/: Results From Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Koenig ◽  
Christine H. Shadle ◽  
Jonathan L. Preston ◽  
Christine R. Mooshammer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spectral Measures ◽  
Spectral Moments ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Frequency Peak ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This article introduces theoretically driven acoustic measures of /s/ that reflect aerodynamic and articulatory conditions. The measures were evaluated by assessing whether they revealed expected changes over time and labiality effects, along with possible gender differences suggested by past work. Method Productions of /s/ were extracted from various speaking tasks from typically speaking adolescents (6 boys, 6 girls). Measures were made of relative spectral energies in low- (550–3000 Hz), mid- (3000–7000 Hz), and high-frequency regions (7000–11025 Hz); the mid-frequency amplitude peak; and temporal changes in these parameters. Spectral moments were also obtained to permit comparison with existing work. Results Spectral balance measures in low–mid and mid–high frequency bands varied over the time course of /s/, capturing the development of sibilance at mid-fricative along with showing some effects of gender and labiality. The mid-frequency spectral peak was significantly higher in nonlabial contexts, and in girls. Temporal variation in the mid-frequency peak differentiated ±labial contexts while normalizing over gender. Conclusions The measures showed expected patterns, supporting their validity. Comparison of these data with studies of adults suggests some developmental patterns that call for further study. The measures may also serve to differentiate some cases of typical and misarticulated /s/.

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