scholarly journals Further Studies on the One-Way Cross-Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis with Special Reference to Streptomycin Resistance, Kanamycin Resistance, and Viomycin Resistance. II

1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio TSUKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Streptomycin Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Mechanism of Resistance to Amikacin and Kanamycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Alangaden ◽  
Barry N. Kreiswirth ◽  
Arlette Aouad ◽  
Minoo Khetarpal ◽  
Felicitas R. Igno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT An A1400G mutation of the rrs gene was identified inMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain ATCC 35827 and in 13 MTB clinical isolates resistant to amikacin-kanamycin (MICs, >128 μg/ml). High-level cross-resistance may result from such a mutation since MTB has a single copy of the rrs gene. Another mechanism(s) may account for high-level amikacin-kanamycin resistance in two mutants and lower levels of resistance in four clinical isolates, all lacking the A1400G mutation.

scholarly journals Discordant Resistance to Kanamycin and Amikacin in Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2971-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Krüüner ◽  
Pontus Jureen ◽  
Klavdia Levina ◽  
Solomon Ghebremichael ◽  
Sven Hoffner
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT It is generally thought that there is full cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis between the aminoglycoside drugs kanamycin and amikacin. However, kanamycin resistance and amikacin susceptibility were seen in 43 of 79 (54%) multidrug-resistant Estonian isolates, indicating that there might be a need to test the resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates to both drugs.

scholarly journals Mutation ofRv2887, amarR-Like Gene, Confers Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance to an Imidazopyridine-Based Agent

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 6873-6881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Winglee ◽  
Shichun Lun ◽  
Marco Pieroni ◽  
Alan Kozikowski ◽  
William Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Drug

ABSTRACTDrug resistance is a major problem inMycobacterium tuberculosiscontrol, and it is critical to identify novel drug targets and new antimycobacterial compounds. We have previously identified an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-4-carbonitrile-based agent, MP-III-71, with strong activity againstM. tuberculosis. In this study, we evaluated mechanisms of resistance to MP-III-71. We derived three independentM. tuberculosismutants resistant to MP-III-71 and conducted whole-genome sequencing of these mutants. Loss-of-function mutations inRv2887were common to all three MP-III-71-resistant mutants, and we confirmed the role ofRv2887as a gene required for MP-III-71 susceptibility using complementation. The Rv2887 protein was previously unannotated, but domain and homology analyses suggested it to be a transcriptional regulator in the MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance repressor) family, a group of proteins first identified inEscherichia colito negatively regulate efflux pumps and other mechanisms of multidrug resistance. We found that two efflux pump inhibitors, verapamil and chlorpromazine, potentiate the action of MP-III-71 and that mutation ofRv2887abrogates their activity. We also used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes which are differentially expressed in the presence and absence of a functional Rv2887 protein. We found that genes involved in benzoquinone and menaquinone biosynthesis were repressed by functional Rv2887. Thus, inactivating mutations ofRv2887, encoding a putative MarR-like transcriptional regulator, confer resistance to MP-III-71, an effective antimycobacterial compound that shows no cross-resistance to existing antituberculosis drugs. The mechanism of resistance ofM. tuberculosisRv2887mutants may involve efflux pump upregulation and also drug methylation.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS PRODUCED BY CYTOTOXIC SERA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HÆMOLYMPHOTOXIN

1905 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harro Woltmann
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Specific Change ◽  
The One

(1) The cytotoxins are not specific. (2) The changes occurring after the injection of different cytotoxins are similar and do not vary in kind. (3) The changes do, however, vary in degree in the following order, the one having the most marked effect being placed first, etc.: (a) Hæmolymphotoxin, (b) Splenotoxin, (c) Lymphotoxin, (d) Endotheliotoxin, (e) Nephrotoxin, (f) Hepatotoxin. (4) Nephrotoxin causes the most specific change. (5) The hæmolymph glands play some important part in the production of eosinophiles. The hæmolytic action of hæmolymphotoxic serum is greater than that of other cytotoxic sera. (6) The histological changes which are observed in every case are secondary to the hæmolytic factor present in all cytotoxic sera.

scholarly journals Sobre una caracterización 'corbuseriana' del mobiliario moderno

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Villanueva Fernández ◽  
Héctor García-Diego
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Resumen: A partir de 1920 Le Corbusier comenzó a elaborar un cuerpo teórico sobre el diseño de objetos que iría difundiendo a través de sus escritos y conferencias. Libros como Vers une architecture, L´art décoratif d´aujourd´hui o Précisions sur un état présent de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme han constituído un rico legado de ideas e imágenes interrelacionadas que permiten analizar la propuesta del arquitecto desde el plano de la teoría. Sin embargo, el poder de sus postulados fue continuamente experimentado y corroborado por su obra en materia de mobiliario, hasta el punto de establecerse relaciones directas entre teoría y obra. Esta evolución conjunta proporciona una completa visión del concepto de mobiliario moderno desarrollado por Le Corbusier. Por tanto, esta investigación persigue, por un lado, sacar a la luz un verdadero cuerpo teórico de cuño 'corbuseriano' y específico del equipamiento moderno, haciendo especial mención a los postulados y dibujos originales del arquitecto y, por otro, comprobar la correspondencia real entre sus teorías y sus obras mediante el análisis de una escogida selección de obras del arquitecto pertenecientes al periodo de entreguerras, para, finalmente, ofrecer una caracterización 'corbuseriana' del mobiliario moderno. Abstract: From 1920 Le Corbusier began to develop a theoretical body on the objects design that went spreading through his writings and lectures. Books like Vers une architecture, L'art décoratif d'aujourd'hui or Précisions sur un état présent de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme have constituted a rich legacy of interlinked ideas and images to analyze the proposal of the architect from the level of theory. However, the power of its principles was continuously experienced and corroborated by his work in furniture, to the point of establishing direct relations between theory and work. This joint development provides a comprehensive overview of modern furniture concept developed by Le Corbusier. Therefore, this research aims on the one hand, to expose a 'Corbusian' and specific theoretical body of modern equipment, with special reference to the principles and original drawings by the architect; and, secondly, to check the real correspondence between his theories and works by analyzing a choice selection of works by the architect belonging to the interwar period, to finally offer a 'Corbusian' characterization of modern furniture.Palabras clave: Teoría; mobiliario; moderno; escritos. Keywords: Theory; furniture; modern; writings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.569 

Atom based 3D QSAR and Fingerprint based 2D QSAR of Novel Molecules as MmpL3 receptor inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 6321-6329
Author(s):  
Poojita K ◽  
Fajeelath Fathima ◽  
Rajdeep Ray ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Ruchi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
3D Qsar ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Urea Derivatives ◽  
2D Qsar ◽  
Qsar Models ◽  
Inhibition Property ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy

Tuberculosis is one of the leading cause of increase in mortality rate in today’s health care scenario. Due to increase frequency of drug resistant TB it is prudent to find new targets and promising targets for anti-tubercular activity. MmpL3 (Mycobacterial Membrane Protein Large 3) is one of the most effective and promiscuous targets for development of new drug for anti-tubercular therapy due to its cross resistance inhibition property. In this study we have presented atom based 3D QSAR and finger print based 2D QSAR models to study different structural and functional groups of Adamantyl urea derivatives and their action in MmpL3 inhibitory activity which will provide us the insight for designing better and far more effective anti TB drugs.

Diversity and Exclusivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf Adeel
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passionate Commitment ◽  
The One

It is argued that religions seem to insist, paradoxically, on both exclusivity and diversity to inspire passionate commitment on the one hand and to allow for genuine choice of religion on the other. The argument is developed with special reference to Islam, with hints of similar strands of thought in Judaism and Christianity. The paradoxicality of this position of religions is similar to Kierkegaard’s interpretation of faith, as exhibited byAbraham in his sacrifice. Interpreting religions in this way provides us with a better context for understanding the exclusivism/pluralism debate.

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