scholarly journals Disintegrating Particles, Non-Local Causation and Category Mistakes: What do Conservation Laws have to do with Dualism?

Conatus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Rashad Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Category Mistakes

The single most influential and widely accepted objection against any form of dualism, the belief that human beings are both body and soul, is the objection that dualism violates conservation laws in physics. The conservation laws objection against dualism posits that body and soul interaction is at best mysterious, and at worst impossible. While this objection has been both influential from the time of its initial formulation until present, this paper occupies itself with arguing that this objection is a fleeting one, and has successful answers from both scientific and philosophical perspectives. It is to this end that I provide three groups of responses to the conservation laws objection. First, I outline responses which take the ‘laws of nature’ as the proper entry point into the discussion. Secondly, I provide an analysis of those who argue that contemporary quantum physical data requires that the objection itself involves scientifically unjustified premises. Finally, I layout a philosophically oriented answer which argues that the objection is linguistically problematic since its demands on the dualist are categorically fallacious. From these groups of answers, I conclude that while the conservation laws objection has been arguably the most widely accepted objection against dualism, the objection is without philosophical justification.

The Myth of Primordialism in Cicero's Theory of Jus Gentium

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-506
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. CONKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
International Community ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
State Laws ◽  
International Court ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Justice Judgments ◽  
Civilized World

AbstractAfter setting out the importance of the notion of an international community in contemporary treaties, International Court of Justice judgments and opinio juris, this paper claims that we need to turn to Cicero's works in order to appreciate a sense of what an international community is. Cicero was the first jurist known to recognize and elaborate a theory of the international community and this through his concept of jus gentium. Cicero's theory of jus gentium, I argue, was neither a positivist theory nor a natural law theory. Instead, jus gentium dwelt in an intermediate position between posited state laws and the laws of nature. I find a problem, however, in that Cicero exempts certain types of society from the guidance and protection of the jus gentium. I document examples of the sort of society so exempted. In order to understand why Cicero exempts such societies from the protection of the jus gentium, I argue, Cicero's theory depends on a primordial condition where human beings, living an animal-like existence, lack a language and reason. Cicero posits that human beings must leap from such a primordial condition into a civilized world where language is shared. Cicero associates a civilized world with communication, deliberation, reason, and law, particularly the jus gentium. His theory of jus gentium thereby hierarchizes societies and begs that we ask whether such a hierarchy remains presupposed in contemporary international law and international legal theory.

Ancient Concepts of Personal Identity

2009 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Christopher Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
True Self ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The City

The burgeoning science of human nature recognized the implications for human identity. In the later fifth or early fourth centuries BCE philosophers started to develop a systematically dualistic account of human beings as composites of body and soul. In this view, the body is something that embeds the person in a particular community, and the soul is the true ‘self’, the locus of desires and beliefs which those communities could shape. This article suggests that personal identity is for these thinkers social identity, and it is no coincidence that Plato's utopian designs for a polis in the Republic are largely structured around rethinking the educational curriculum, or, conversely, that Protagoras assigns the central role in moral education to the city as a whole.

scholarly journals Starotestamentalne cuda w poemacie "Paschale carmen" Seduliusza

Vox Patrum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Tatiana Krynicka
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
History Of

Before turning to the wonderful Saviour’s deeds, that he strives to praise in Paschale Carmen, Sedulius introduces his reader into the old testamental history of salvation. In the Book 1, which fulfils the functions of a preface to the poem, he recounts 18 miracles that took place before Christ was born, since the ages of the Patriarchs to the period of the Babylonian captivity. These relations appear to be separate, self-contained stories. The longest is devoted to the miraculous fate of the prophet Elijah (lines 170-187); in the shortest the poet tells about the Balaam’s donkey, an animal without speech, who spoke to its master with a human voice (lines 160-162). Miracles fascinate Sedulius as extraordinary events, which deny the laws of nature and contradict common sense. At that they are sometimes con­nected with a marvelous metamorphosis. God performs miracles in order to show to the mankind His might, providence and kindness; to educate human beings and to prepare them for the coming of Christ; to foretell cosmic redemption at the end of times. Telling about the old testamental miracles Sedulius tends to refer both to the unbelievers and to the believers the revealed truth. He also aims to awake in the readers’ hearts wonderment, gratitude, love and trust towards the Holy Trinity.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN TOKOH-TOKOH DALAM NOVEL DADAISME KARYA DEWI SARTIKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1 Januari) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Yulia Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Body And Soul

Human beings have a body and soul. Secondly it is activities move men to do well. However, in social life sometimes found personal experience psychiatric disorders. This phenomenon has become an object that can be used by an author's work. One novel that tells a psychiatric disorder is a novel work of Dewi Sartika Dadaism. The problems in this article is how a psychiatric disorder figures in the novel Dada Dewi Sartika work. The purpose of this study to elaborate on psychiatric disorders characters in the novel Dada Dewi Sartika work. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive study. Based on data analysis, psychiatric disorders experienced by characters in the novel form of Obsessive Compulsive Dadaism, psychopaths, and schizophrenia. Keyword: psychiatric disorders, character, novel Dadaism Manusia memiliki raga dan jiwa. Kedua hal tersebut menggerakkan manusia untuk melakukan aktivitasnya dengan baik. Akan tetapi, dalam kehidupan masyarakat terkadang ditemui pribadi yang mengalami gangguan kejiwaan. Fenomena ini menjadi objek yang dapat dijadikan karya oleh seorang pengarang. Salah satu novel yang menceritakan gangguan kejiwaan adalah novel Dadaisme karya Dewi Sartika. Rumusan masalah dalam artikel ini adalah bagaimanakah gangguan kejiwaan tokoh-tokoh dalam Novel Dadaisme karya Dewi Sartika. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini  untuk menguraikan gangguan kejiwaan tokoh-tokoh dalam Novel Dadaisme karya Dewi Sartika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data, gangguan kejiwaan yang dialami tokoh dalam novel Dadaisme berupa Obsesif kompulsif, psikopat, dan skizofrenia. Kata kunci : gangguan kejiwaan, tokoh, novel Dadaisme

scholarly journals Resonance in rarefaction and shock curves: Local analysis and numerics of the continuation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 639-676
Author(s):  
A. C. Alvarez ◽  
G. T. Goedert ◽  
D. Marchesin
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Continuation Method ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Jordan Chain ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Composite Field ◽  
Systems Of Conservation Laws ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Composite Wave ◽  
Genuine Nonlinearity

We describe certain crucial steps in the development of an algorithm for finding the Riemann solution to systems of conservation laws. We relax the classical hypotheses of strict hyperbolicity and genuine nonlinearity due to Lax. First, we present a procedure for continuing wave curves beyond points where characteristic speeds coincide, i.e. at wave curve points of maximal co-dimensionality. This procedure requires strict hyperbolicity on both sides of the coincidence locus. Loss of strict hyperbolicity is regularized by means of a Generalized Jordan Chain, which serves to construct a four-fold sub-manifold structure on which wave curves can be continued. Second, we analyze the loss of genuine nonlinearity. We prove a new result: the existence of composite wave curves when the composite wave traverses either the inflection locus or an anomalous part of the non-local composite wave curve. In this sense, we find conditions under which the composite field is well defined and its singularities can be removed, allowing use of our continuation method. Finally, we present numerical examples for a non-strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws.

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