scholarly journals ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ, ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΓΑΤΙΚΑ ΑΤΥΧΗΜΑΤΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑ ΤΟ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟ ΤΡΙΤΟ ΤΟΥ 19ου ΑΙΩΝΑ

Μνήμων ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΚΟΚΚΙΝΑΚΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The City

<p>John Kokkinakis, Philanthropy, technical education and labour accidentsin Piraeus in the last third of nineteenth century</p><p>Concern for the relief of poverty, the support and education of orphansand the living conditions of the working classes was in nineteenth centuryGreece a response to complex social phenomena: urbanization and industrialization,the emergence of new types of poverty and unemployment,the forging of class consciousness in the middle and upper socialclasses.This article reviews the formation and activities of the orphanageof E. Zani in Piraeus and the emergence of specialized technical institutionsin this industrial and commercial port. Documents from charitableactivities of the city magistrates enable us to draw useful informationsregarding the urban poor and unemployed population. The economicand social problems related with labour discipline in general and childlabour in particular may explain the importance of the ideological andcompulsory factors mobilized for ensuring social and industrial peace.In this respect, it was crucial to undertake a new approach towardpoverty, work, and leisure and new educational practices embodyingsuch values as discipline, thrift, diligence and respect.</p>

Sets and the City: Staging London and Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-90
Author(s):  
Joanna Hofer-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
City Life ◽  
The City

This chapter tracks multiple ways in which Oliver Twist and London’s cityscape were adapted for the stage in the late 1830s. It argues that London was a flexible frame through which the audience’s reception of Dickens’s work was mediated in early dramatisations, but also that the novel was imaginatively mapped on to the built environment. For example, Sadler’s Wells emphasise the proximity of the criminal scenes by staging their adaptation as a local drama, while the Surrey Theatre presents their play as an opportunity for armchair tourism. In staging alternative versions of the city, theatres presented differently nuanced portrayals of its inhabitants and perceived social problems. The dynamic re-presentation of Oliver Twist in early theatrical adaptations is thereby indicative of the malleability of Dickensian afterlives in nineteenth-century improvement debates, and these plays were likewise supposed to have an effect on contemporary city-life. Playscripts, stagecraft, actors’ performances, music, and the perceived identities of theatres and their audiences each played a role in curating these representations, and so this chapter adopts an intertheatrical methodology.

scholarly journals Flânerie in Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pfalzgraf
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Valerie Tagwira’s debut novel The Uncertainty of Hope, set in Harare in 2005, depicts the city on the brink of collapse, characterized by the effects of economic crisis and political violence against the urban poor. Political marginalization of the working classes and gender-based violence intersect and diminish the prospects for the social and spatial mobility of the urban poor. In this article I apply the lens of flânerie to the pedestrian movements of Tagwira’s protagonist Onai Moyo, an impoverished woman who makes a living by selling vegetables on Harare’s streets. In order to make a case for Onai’s ‘flânerie against all odds’, I revisit Walter Benjamin’s theorization as well as recent scholarly engagements with flânerie in non-European settings. By giving her protagonist a gaze traditionally associated with a European middle-class urbanity of the 19th century, Tagwira expands a tradition of city writing/walking and, like other contemporary engagements with flânerie, also breathes new life into a concept often pronounced inappropriate or unproductive for readings of non-European literature. 

Sybil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Disraeli
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

Sybil, or The Two Nations is one of the finest novels to depict the social problems of class-ridden Victorian England. The book's publication in 1845 created a sensation, for its immediacy and readability brought the plight of the working classes sharply to the attention of the reading public. The ‘two nations’ of the alternative title are the rich and poor, so disparate in their opportunities and living conditions, and so hostile to each other. that they seem almost to belong to different countries. The gulf between them is given a poignant focus by the central romantic plot concerning the love of Charles Egremont, a member of the landlord class, for Sybil, the poor daughter of a militant Chartist leader.

Urban Social Problems and Marginalized Populations in Postsocialist Transition Societies

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Temelová ◽  
Jana Jíchová ◽  
Lucie Pospíšilová ◽  
Nina Dvořáková
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
City Center ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The City

Despite growing scholarly interest in residential segregation in Central and Eastern Europe, thus far insufficient attention has been paid to understanding marginalization in these postsocialist transition societies through the perceptions of stakeholders. The present article reports the findings of a qualitative study of the perceptions of urban social problems in the city center of Prague, Czechia. Semistructured interviews with the key actors involved in the city’s social development are used to understand what social phenomena they perceive as problematic, how they localize them within the urban space, and how their perceptions translate into policy attitudes. We find that stakeholders emphasize the issues of homelessness, drug addiction, and the appropriate delivery of social services in their narratives. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the repressive nature of policy interventions partly results from a lack of experience of overcoming such societal issues and partly results from weak coordination at the city level.

Charles Dickens and Metropolitan Improvements

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-50
Author(s):  
Joanna Hofer-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
The City

For readers who are unfamiliar with the historical contexts underpinning London’s improvement in the mid-nineteenth century, Chapter 1 offers an account of the processes and problems of improvement during Dickens’s lifetime. Addressing the fragmentation of the built environment and the diverse actors and institutions who commented on and influenced metropolitan developments, it suggests that the haphazard nature of improvement in the mid-nineteenth century dovetailed generatively with Dickens’s style and popularity, and that this enabled his works to be used effectively to promote urban change. Far from suggesting that people credulously accepted Dickens’s descriptions as “realistic” accounts of contemporary London conditions, however, this chapter (and, indeed, the book as a whole) argues that mid-nineteenth-century users of Dickens treated his novels as a store of widely known imagery that could be superimposed on to the urban environment. Afterlives were self-consciously curated to enable discussion about large and complex social problems, to make users’ critiques more pointed and memorable, or to curate legible representations of the city.

II. Class and Political Radicalism in London, 1831–2

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Radicalism

Class has long been used as an analytical tool in the study of history and much has been written with regard to the formation of class-consciousness, which has to a considerable extent been related to the first half of the nineteenth century and especially to the events surrounding the passing of the first Reform Bill. Professor Briggs has noted the growing use of the term ‘class’ in the early nineteenth century and has postulated a middle-class consciousness created by the media of the Reform Bill and Anti-Corn Law agitations. ‘Sandwiched between an entrenched landed Parliament on the one hand and a bitter but still imperfectly integrated labour movement on the other, the middle classes were compelled to lay down their own postulates and programmes.’ More recently E. P. Thompson, in a brilliant and wide-ranging study of the working classes, has seen the formation of a working-class consciousness which involved ‘consciousness of identity of interests between working men of the most diverse occupations and levels of attainment’ and also ‘ consciousness of the identity of interest of the working class, or “productive classes”, as against those of other classes; and within this there was maturing the claim for an alternative system’.

‘To make a garden of the town’: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy of the Hampstead Garden Suburb

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This chapter explores the architectural and social origins of the Hampstead Garden Suburb. Initiated by Henrietta Barnett, Hampstead Garden Suburb was radical departure from nineteenth-century town planning in its emphasis on a variety of housing types, integrated green spaces, and various community and social services. Yet its design was not only a clear response to the social problems presented by the nineteenth-century city, but also a synthesis of several models of new domestic architecture that existed in the city itself including model dwellings, women’s residences, and settlement housing. This chapter engages with both visual and literary representations of the Hampstead Garden Suburb to establish its nineteenth-century legacy.

scholarly journals Margaret Harkness

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Social ◽  
East End ◽  
Global Travel ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Insight Into

This volume is the first to bring together research on the life and work of the author, activist, and traveller Margaret Harkness, who wrote under the pseudonym ‘John Law’. The collection contextualises Harkness’s political project of observing and recording the lives and priorities of the working classes and urban poor alongside the broader efforts of philanthropists, political campaigners, journalists, and novelists who sought to bring the plight of marginalised communities to light at the end of the nineteenth century. It argues for a recognition of Harkness’s importance in providing testimony to the social and political crises that led to the emergence of British socialism and labour politics during this period. This collection includes considerations of Harkness’s work in London’s East End at the end of the nineteenth century, but moves into the twentieth century and beyond Britain’s borders to examine the significance of her global travel for the purpose of investigating international political trends. This collection gives substance to women’s social engagement and political involvement in a period prior to their formal enfranchisement, and offers insight into the ways this effected shifts in literary style and subject. In offering a detailed picture of Harkness’s own life and illuminating the lives and work of her contemporaries, this volume enriches critical understanding of the complex and dynamic world of the long nineteenth century.

‘Otherwise in London’ or, the ‘Essence of Things’: Modernity and Estrangement in the Nineteenth-Century Cityscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Julian Wolfreys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
William Wordsworth ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Thomas De Quincey ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Representation ◽  
Robert Southey ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Writers of the early nineteenth century sought to find new ways of writing about the urban landscape when first confronted with the phenomena of London. The very nature of London's rapid growth, its unprecedented scale, and its mere difference from any other urban centre throughout the world marked it out as demanding a different register in prose and poetry. The condition of writing the city, of inventing a new writing for a new experience is explored by familiar texts of urban representation such as by Thomas De Quincey and William Wordsworth, as well as through less widely read authors such as Sarah Green, Pierce Egan, and Robert Southey, particularly his fictional Letters from England.

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