ABSTRACTRecombination generates genetic diversity but the number of crossovers per meiosis is limited in most species. Previous studies showed that increasing recombination can enhance response to selection. However, such studies did not assume a specific method of modifying recombination. Our objective was to test whether two methods used to increase recombination in plants could increase the genetic gain in a population undergoing genomic selection. The first method, in Oryza sativa, used a mutant of anti-crossover genes to increase global recombination without affecting the recombination landscape. The second one uses the ploidy level of a cross between Brassica rapa and Brassica napus to increase the recombination particularly in pericentromeric regions. These recombination landscapes were used to model recombination while quantitative trait loci positions were based on the actual gene distribution. We simulated selection programs with initially a cross between two inbred lines, for two species. Increased recombination enhanced the response to selection. The amount of enhancement in the cumulative gain largely depended on the species and the number of quantitative trait loci (2, 10, 20, 50, 200 or 1000 per chromosome). Genetic gains were increased up to 30% after 20 generations. Furthermore, modifying the recombination landscape was the most effective: the gain was larger by 25% with the first method and 33% with the second one in B. rapa, and 15% compared to 11% in O. sativa. Thus, increased recombination enhances the genetic gain in genomic selection for long-term selection programs, with visible effects after four to five generations.
Detection of quantitative trait loci controlling morphological traits in Brassica rapa L.
