scholarly journals Development of Environmentally Friendly Antifoulants: Study of the Structure–Antifouling Activity Relationship in Natural Antifouling Product and Its Synthetic Analogues: The Chemical Defense System of Nudibranchs as a Clue

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu KITANO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Antifouling Activity

scholarly journals Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R. Almeida ◽  
Andreia Palmeira ◽  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
Isabel Cunha ◽  
Micaela Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Qsar Model ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Mussel Adhesive

The development of alternative ecological and effective antifouling technologies is still challenging. Synthesis of nature-inspired compounds has been exploited, given the potential to assure commercial supplies of potential ecofriendly antifouling agents. In this direction, the antifouling activity of a series of nineteen synthetic small molecules, with chemical similarities with natural products, were exploited in this work. Six (4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 17) of the tested xanthones showed in vivo activity toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50: 3.53–28.60 µM) and low toxicity to this macrofouling species (LC50 > 500 µM and LC50/EC50: 17.42–141.64), and two of them (7 and 10) showed no general marine ecotoxicity (<10% of Artemia salina mortality) after 48 h of exposure. Regarding the mechanism of action in mussel larvae, the best performance compounds 4 and 5 might be acting by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (in vitro and in silico studies), while 7 and 10 showed specific targets (proteomic studies) directly related with the mussel adhesive structure (byssal threads), given by the alterations in the expression of Mytilus collagen proteins (PreCols) and proximal thread proteins (TMPs). A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built with predictive capacity to enable speeding the design of new potential active compounds.

Natural Flavones and their Preliminary Structure–Antifouling Activity Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Haider ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Xue-Mei Hou ◽  
Mei-Yan Wei ◽  
Ji-Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Antifouling Activity

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Approach to Knoevenagel Condensation of Rhodanine in Choline Chloride: Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent and QSAR Studies on Their Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Molnar ◽  
Harshad Brahmbhatt ◽  
Vesna Rastija ◽  
Valentina Pavić ◽  
Mario Komar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Structure Activity

A series of rhodanine derivatives was synthesized in the Knoevenagel condensation of rhodanine and different aldehydes using choline chloride:urea (1:2) deep eutectic solvent. This environmentally friendly and catalyst free approach was very effective in the condensation of rhodanine with commercially available aldehydes, as well as the ones synthesized in our laboratory. All rhodanine derivatives were subjected to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity investigation and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed to elucidate their structure-activity relationship. The best multiple linear QSAR model demonstrate a stability in the internal validation and Y-randomization (R2 = 0.81; F = 24.225; Q2loo = 0.72; R2Yscr = 0.148). Sphericity of the molecule, ratio of symmetric atoms enhanced atomic mass along the principle axes in regard to total number of atoms in molecule, and 3D distribution of the atoms higher electronegativity (O, N, and S) in molecules are important characteristic for antioxidant ability of rhodanine derivatives. Molecular docking studies were carried out in order to explain in silico antioxidant studies, a specific protein tyrosine kinase (2HCK). The binding interactions of the most active compound have shown strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions with the target protein.

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