scholarly journals On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshavatharam U V S ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Electroweak Interaction ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Fine Tune

An attempt is made toa model the atomic nucleus as a combination of bound and free or unbound nucleons. Due to strong interaction, bound nucleons help in increasing nuclear binding energy and due to electroweak interaction, free or unbound nucleons help in decreasing nuclear binding energy. In this context, with reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified nuclear binding energy scheme with four simple terms, one energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of  Z. 

scholarly journals On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
Lakshminarayana S.
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Electroweak Interaction ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Coefficient

With reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified nuclear binding energy scheme with four simple terms, one energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. It seems that, some kind of electroweak interaction is playing a strange role in maintaining free or unbound nucleons within the nucleus. It is possible to say that, strong interaction plays a vital role in increasing nuclear binding energy and electroweak interaction plays a vital role in reducing nuclear binding energy. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z. For medium, heavy and super heavy atoms, beginning and ending mass numbers pertaining to bound states can be understood with 2Z+0.004Z^2 and 3Z+0.004Z^2 respectively. With further study, neutron drip lines can be understood. Based on this kind of data fitting procedure, existence of our 4G model of electroweak fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV can be confirmed indirectly.

scholarly journals Strong and weak interactions in Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshavatharam UVS ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Electroweak Interaction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
Energy Coefficient

Abstract By modifying Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula with strong and weak interactions, it is possible to approximate the nuclear binding energy of isotopes with one unique energy coefficient and four terms. Considering even-odd corrections, shell corrections and other microscopic corrections, it seems possible to improve the accuracy with a clear physical basis. Based on our recent work and the proposed formula, we are very confident to say that, electroweak interaction plays a vital role in fixing the nuclear binding energy.

scholarly journals On the Role of Squared Neutron Number in Reducing Nuclear Binding Energy in the Light of Electromagnetic, Weak and Nuclear Gravitational Constants – A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Mass Formula ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Semi Empirical

With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing nuclear binding energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic nuclear binding energy coefficient. Coulombic energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective binding energy coefficient of  [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear binding energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.

scholarly journals A new kind of unified nuclear binding energy formula and its consequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshavatharam UVS ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Stability Zone ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Nuclear Stability ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Coefficient

Starting from Z=3 to 120, energy coefficient being 10.1 MeV - nuclear binding energy increases with increasing mass number, decreases with increasing number of free or unbound nucleons, decreases with increasing radius and decreases with increasing asymmetry about the mean stable mass number. Proceeding further, by considering the number of free or unbound nucleons, an attempt is made to understand the mass limits of nuclear stability zone. With further study, stable zones of relatively long living super heavy elements can be identified.

scholarly journals Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Supplementary File ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Repulsive Forces ◽  
Semi Empirical

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. In table-3, we present the estimated nuclear binding energy data for Z=3 to 120 and compare it with the two standard semi empirical mass formulae as a supplementary file.

scholarly journals Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Strong and Electroweak Coupling Constants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V. Satya Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Stability Line

At nuclear scale, we present three heuristic relations pertaining to strong and electroweak coupling constants. With these relations, close to beta stability line, it is possible to study nuclear binding energy with a single energy coefficient of magnitude ( 1 α s )[ e 2 4π ε 0 R 0 ]≈10.0 MeV. With reference to up and down quark masses, it is also possible to interpret that, nuclear binding energy is proportional to the mean mass of [ ( 2 m u + m d ) and ( m u +2 m d ) ]≈10.0 MeV.

Approximate Calculation of Nuclear Binding Energy

1960 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Rodberg ◽  
Vigdor L. Teplitz
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Approximate Calculation ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Nuclear Binding
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