scholarly journals Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Supplementary File ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Repulsive Forces ◽  
Semi Empirical

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. In table-3, we present the estimated nuclear binding energy data for Z=3 to 120 and compare it with the two standard semi empirical mass formulae as a supplementary file.

scholarly journals On the Role of Squared Neutron Number in Reducing Nuclear Binding Energy in the Light of Electromagnetic, Weak and Nuclear Gravitational Constants – A Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Mass Formula ◽  
Neutron Number ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Semi Empirical

With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing nuclear binding energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic nuclear binding energy coefficient. Coulombic energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective binding energy coefficient of  [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear binding energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.

scholarly journals Hypothetical Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding the Significance and Applications of the Strong Coupling Constant in the Light of Up and Down Quark Clusters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Nuclear Stability ◽  
Repulsive Forces

As there exist no repulsive forces in strong interaction, in a hypothetical approach, strong interaction can be assumed to be equivalent to a large gravitational coupling. Based on this concept, strong coupling constant can be defined as a ratio of the electromagnetic force and the gravitational force associated with proton, neutron, up quark and down quark. With respect to the product of strong coupling constant and fine structure ratio, we review our recently proposed two semi empirical relations and coefficients 0.00189 and 0.00642 connected with nuclear stability and binding energy. We wish to emphasize that- by classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with a new class of ‘three term’ formula having one unique energy coefficient. Based on the geometry and quantum nature, currently believed harmonic oscillator and spin orbit magic numbers can be considered as the lower and upper “mass limits” of quark clusters.

scholarly journals Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Nucleon Mass Difference via Strong Coupling Constant and Strong Nuclear Gravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

With reference to electromagnetic interaction and Abdus Salam’s strong (nuclear) gravity, 1) Square root of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the strength of nuclear elementary charge. 2) ‘Reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the maximum strength of nuclear binding energy. 3) In deuteron, strength of nuclear binding energy is around unity and there exists no strong interaction in between neutron and proton. G s ≅ 3.32688 × 10 28   m 3 kg - 1 sec - 2 being the nuclear gravitational constant, nuclear charge radius can be shown to be, R 0 ≅ 2 G s m p c 2 ≅ 1.24   fm . e s ≅ ( G s m p 2 ℏ c ) e ≅ 4.716785 × 10 − 19 C being the nuclear elementary charge, proton magnetic moment can be shown to be, μ p ≅ e s ℏ 2 m p ≅ e G s m p 2 c ≅ 1.48694 × 10 − 26   J . T - 1 . α s ≅ ( ℏ c G s m p 2 ) 2 ≅ 0.1153795 being the strong coupling constant, strong interaction range can be shown to be proportional to exp ( 1 α s 2 ) . Interesting points to be noted are: An increase in the value of α s helps in decreasing the interaction range indicating a more strongly bound nuclear system. A decrease in the value of α s helps in increasing the interaction range indicating a more weakly bound nuclear system. From Z ≅ 30 onwards, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be addressed with, ( B ) A s ≅ Z × { ( 1 α s + 1 ) + 30 × 31 } ( m n − m p ) c 2 ≈ Z × 19.66   MeV . With further study, magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated with nuclear elementary physical constants. One sample relation is, ( G N G s ) ≅ 1 2 ( m e m p ) 10 [ G F ℏ c / ( ℏ m e c ) ] where G N represents the Newtonian gravitational constant and G F represents the Fermi’s weak coupling constant. Two interesting coincidences are, ( m p / m e ) 10 ≅ exp ( 1 / α s 2 ) and 2 G s m e / c 2 ≅ G F / ℏ c .

scholarly journals Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy with Three Atomic Gravitational Constants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Stability

We present simple relations for nuclear stability and nuclear binding energy with respect to three gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions.

scholarly journals A Review on the Possible Existence of Strong Elementary Charge andits Nuclear Scale Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Elementary Charge

We review the basics of nuclear binding energy scheme assumed to be associated with the existence of a new strong elementary charge associated with square root of reciprocal of the strong coupling constant.

scholarly journals On the role of nuclear quantum gravity in understanding nuclear stability range of Z = 2 to 118

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
UVS Seshavatharam ◽  
S Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Nuclear Stability ◽  
Elementary Charge

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed two bold concepts: 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. 2) There exists a strong elementary charge in such a way that its squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to reciprocal of the strong coupling constant. In this paper we propose that, ℏc can be considered as a compound physical constant associated with proton mass, electron mass and the three atomic gravitational constants. With these ideas, an attempt is made to understand nuclear stability and binding energy. In this new approach, with reference to our earlier introduced coefficients k = 0.00642 and f = 0.00189, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with four simple terms having one unique energy coefficient. The two coefficients can be addressed with powers of the strong coupling constant. Classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy and stability can be understood. Starting from , number of isotopes seems to increase from 2 to 16 at and then decreases to 1 at For Z >= 84, lower stability seems to be, Alower=(2.5 to 2.531)Z.

scholarly journals Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy with Nucleon Mass Difference via Strong Coupling Constant and Strong Nuclear Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

With reference to electromagnetic interaction and Abdus Salam’s strong (nuclear) gravity, 1) Square root of ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the strength of nuclear elementary charge. 2) ‘Reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the maximum strength of nuclear binding energy. 3) In deuteron, strength of nuclear binding energy is around unity and there exists no strong interaction in between neutron and proton. G s ≅ 3.32688 × 10 28   m 3 kg - 1 sec - 2 being the nuclear gravitational constant, nuclear charge radius can be shown to be, R 0 ≅ 2 G s m p c 2 ≅ 1.24   fm . e s ≅ ( G s m p 2 ℏ c ) e ≅ 4.716785 × 10 − 19 C being the nuclear elementary charge, proton magnetic moment can be shown to be, μ p ≅ e s ℏ 2 m p ≅ e G s m p 2 c ≅ 1.48694 × 10 − 26   J . T - 1 . α s ≅ ( ℏ c G s m p 2 ) 2 ≅ 0.1153795 being the strong coupling constant, strong interaction range can be shown to be proportional to exp ( 1 α s 2 ) . Interesting points to be noted are: An increase in the value of α s helps in decreasing the interaction range indicating a more strongly bound nuclear system. A decrease in the value of α s helps in increasing the interaction range indicating a more weakly bound nuclear system. From Z ≅ 30 onwards, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be addressed with, ( B ) A s ≅ Z × { ( 1 α s + 1 ) + 30 × 31 } ( m n − m p ) c 2 ≈ Z × 19.66   MeV . With further study, magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated with nuclear elementary physical constants. One sample relation is, ( G N G s ) ≅ 1 2 ( m e m p ) 10 [ G F ℏ c / ( ℏ m e c ) ] where G N represents the Newtonian gravitational constant and G F represents the Fermi’s weak coupling constant. Two interesting coincidences are, ( m p / m e ) 10 ≅ exp ( 1 / α s 2 ) and 2 G s m e / c 2 ≅ G F / ℏ c .

scholarly journals On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam U.V ◽  
Lakshminarayana S.
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Electroweak Interaction ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nuclear Binding Energy ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Energy Coefficient

With reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified nuclear binding energy scheme with four simple terms, one energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. It seems that, some kind of electroweak interaction is playing a strange role in maintaining free or unbound nucleons within the nucleus. It is possible to say that, strong interaction plays a vital role in increasing nuclear binding energy and electroweak interaction plays a vital role in reducing nuclear binding energy. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z. For medium, heavy and super heavy atoms, beginning and ending mass numbers pertaining to bound states can be understood with 2Z+0.004Z^2 and 3Z+0.004Z^2 respectively. With further study, neutron drip lines can be understood. Based on this kind of data fitting procedure, existence of our 4G model of electroweak fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV can be confirmed indirectly.

scholarly journals To unite nuclear and sub-nuclear strong interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Charge Radius ◽  
Nuclear Charge ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Charge Radius ◽  
Coupling Constant

With reference to ‘reciprocal’ of the strong coupling constant and ‘reduced Compton's wavelength’ of the nucleon, we make an attempt to understand the background of nuclear charge radius, binding energy and stability.

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