Strong and weak interactions in Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula

By modifying Ghahramany’s integrated nuclear binding energy formula with strong and weak interactions, it is possible to approximate the nuclear binding energy of isotopes with one unique energy coefficient and four terms. Considering even-odd corrections, shell corrections and other microscopic corrections, it seems possible to improve the accuracy with a clear physical basis. Based on our recent work and the proposed formula, we are very confident to say that, electroweak interaction plays a vital role in fixing the nuclear binding energy.

Energy efficiency in maize crops in different regions of Brazil

Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding reduction in production costs and environmental pollution and even to increase production in a sustainable way. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency in maize in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 32 areas of maize crop distributed across the major producing states and regions were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every megajoule (MJ) of energy consumed in the production of second-crop maize and first-crop maize seasons, 9.9 and 8.7 MJ respectively of renewable energy were produced in the form of grain. In both maize cropping seasons, most of the energy use was attributed to fertilizers, herbicides and fuel. To be representative the evaluation of energy efficiency of the maize crop should be performed in different Brazilian cultivation regions, as it will represent different edaphoclimatic and management conditions spread over the national territory within an agricultural year.

Heat Enhancement Effectiveness Using Multiple Twisted Tape in Rectangular Channels

Heat enhancement and heat removal have been the subject of considerable research in the energy system field. Flow-through channels and pipes have received much attention from engineers involved in heat exchanger design and construction. The use of insert tape is one of many ways to mix fluids, even in a laminar flow regime. The present study focused on the use of different twisted tapes with different pitch-to-pitch distances and lengths to determine the optimum design for the best possible performance energy coefficient. The results revealed that twisted tape of one revolution represented the optimal design configuration and provided the largest Nusselt number. The length of the tape played a major role in the pressure drop. The results revealed that the insertion of a shorter twisted tape can create mixing while minimizing the changes in the pressure drop. In particular, the best performance evaluation criterion is found for a short tape located towards the exit of the channel. The highest performance energy coefficient was obtained for the half-twisted tape for a Reynolds number varying between 200 and 600.

Theory of Real Relativity And E=Mc2 is Not Correct.

This is a new theory of relativity, which we call the theory of real relativity. The total energy of a system is made up of the inherent energy and the external energy. Each of these energies is associated with its own coefficient. These coefficients are distributed throughout the universe in space and time, providing symmetry and stability to every visible, invisible, living, and non-living, conscious and unconscious of the universe. Hence the inherent energy coefficient (G1) and external energy coefficient (G2) are responsible for the change of universe and nature.

Economic and bioenergy efficiency of saflor growing with the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators

In increasing the yield and improving the quality of safflower products, the primary importance belongs to the agronomic requirements for cultivation, which are based on the biological and physiological characteristics of the culture. The aim of the research was to determine the economic efficiency of growing safflower varieties with the use of additional mineral nutrition and microbiological preparations. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS.Safflower was sown in the first decade of April with a sowing rate of 240,000 similar seeds per hectare. The system of the main tillage: classical. As research factors were selected: varieties – Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya; application of mineral fertilizers – without fertilizers, N60P50 under the main cultivation, P50 – under the main cultivation + N60 – at sowing; application of growth regulators – control (without treatment), Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil, Chelatin forte + Chelatin mono bor, Chelatin mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium, Chelatin phosphorus-potassium + Chelatin multimix + Chelatin mono bor. Technical and economic evaluation of safflower cultivation with the use of additional mineral nutrition and microbiological preparations was performed using conventional methods. As a result of our three-year research, the influence of additional mineral nutrition and the use of microbiological preparations on the yield of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya was established. The highest yields of safflower cultivar Zhyvchyk – 1.71 and 1.70 t/ha and Dobrynya cultivar – 1.84 and 1.85 t/ha were obtained against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P50 under the main tillage with the use of Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil and Chelatine mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium. The largest conditionally net profit – 22603 UAH/ha for the variety Zhyvchyk and 23837 UAH/ha for the variety Dobrynya was obtained on the background without mineral fertilizers with the use of drugs Chelatin mono bor + Chelatin phosphorus-potassium. The level of profitability, depending on the system of mineral fertilizers and the option of growth stimulants was: for the variety Zhyvchyk 143–524%, for the variety Dobrynya 161–551%. The highest yield of gross energy 38646 MJ/ha in the variety Zhyvchyk and 41509 MJ/ha in the variety Dobrynya was obtained against the background of the main application of N60P50 with treatment of crops with drugs Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil. The highest indicators of energy coefficient for both varieties were in control (without fertilizers): in Zhyvchyk 3.0–3.1, in Dobrynуа 3.1–3.2. Key words: safflower, variety, mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, productivity, economic indicator, energy coefficient.

On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme

An attempt is made toa model the atomic nucleus as a combination of bound and free or unbound nucleons. Due to strong interaction, bound nucleons help in increasing nuclear binding energy and due to electroweak interaction, free or unbound nucleons help in decreasing nuclear binding energy. In this context, with reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified nuclear binding energy scheme with four simple terms, one energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z.

Vital energy coefficient for leading positive changes on the way to sustainable development

This paper focuses on such characteristics of leaders that foster the transformation processes. In particular, the paper analyses the coefficient of vital energy as a significant resource for achieving sustainable development goals. Considered in comparison with inefficient energy use as burnout, vital energy emphasizes the importance of life-work balance and the possibility for recharging for leaders. Moreover, the accent is given to the specificity of sustainable development changes that requires, apart from effective solutions, efficient and passionate leaders.

ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF AGROTECHNOLOGY OF LEGUMINOUS CROPS IN IRRIGATED AGROCENOSES

The research was conducted in the irrigated stationary crop rotation of FSBEI «Omsk agricultural research center» in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to determine the bioenergetic efficiency of agricultural technology of seed peas, feed beans and soybeans on irrigated lands. The experiments studied influence of various conditions of mineral nutrition and inoculation of seeds with rhizotorphin on seed productivity of seed peas, feed beans and soybeans under irrigation. It was established that when cultivating peas, phosphorus (in action and aftereffect) increased energy cost per 1 ha from 14.10 to 17.23 GJ or 22%, the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers and microelements against increased phosphorus content – up to 17.14 GJ or 22%, and the pre – sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and microelements against an increased content of P2O5-up to 20.26 GJ or 44%. At the same time, the increase in seed productivity of the crop provided an increase in gross energy in these variants by 39, 50 and 52%, respectively. It is shown that the improvement of conditions of mineral nutrition of beans provided an increase in energy from 31.32 to 44.84-47.66 GJ/ha or by 43-52%; soybeans-from 14.21 to 20.09-21.03 GJ / ha or by 41-48%. A weak effect of seed inoculation on the yield of various varieties of peas, beans and soybeans, and, as a result, on changes in bioenergetic efficiency indicators, was found. Of all the studied pea varieties, it is worth noting the varieties aksaysky usatyi 55, whose energy coefficient was at the level of 3.03, Yamalsky-2.92 and Blagovest – 2.49. The energy coefficient of various soybean varieties selected by the Omsk ASC was about 2.55-2.87. Feed beans surpassed peas and soybeans in this indicator – 3.55-3.77. Due to high seed productivity, beans have the lowest energy consumption per 1 ton of seeds-about 4.83 GJ.

On the Combined Role of Strong and Electroweak Interactions in Understanding Nuclear Binding Energy Scheme

With reference to proposed 4G model of final unification and strong interaction, recently we have developed a unified nuclear binding energy scheme with four simple terms, one energy coefficient of 10.1 MeV and two small numbers 0.0016 and 0.0019. In this paper, by eliminating the number 0.0019, we try to fine tune the estimation procedure of number of free or unbound nucleons pertaining to the second term with an energy coefficient of 11.9 MeV. It seems that, some kind of electroweak interaction is playing a strange role in maintaining free or unbound nucleons within the nucleus. It is possible to say that, strong interaction plays a vital role in increasing nuclear binding energy and electroweak interaction plays a vital role in reducing nuclear binding energy. Interesting observation is that, Z can be considered as a characteristic representation of range of number of bound isotopes of Z. For medium, heavy and super heavy atoms, beginning and ending mass numbers pertaining to bound states can be understood with 2Z+0.004Z^2 and 3Z+0.004Z^2 respectively. With further study, neutron drip lines can be understood. Based on this kind of data fitting procedure, existence of our 4G model of electroweak fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV can be confirmed indirectly.