Echocardiographic evaluation of heart failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: a retrospective study

Mixomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common cardiac abnormalities in dogs and humans that can lead to cardiac heart failure (CHF). Its diagnosis remains based on echocardiography and clinical signs. However, the early diagnose of MMVD can contribute to a better prognosis and avoid CHF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD in combination with a statistical model as a mathematical tool. For this purpose, dogs were divided into three groups (healthy; MMVD without CHF; and MMVD with CHF), according the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation findings. Thus, linear discriminant functions were obtained by analyzing the variables weight, body surface area, aortic diameter, the ratio of the left atrium/aortic diameter, the ratio between the mitral regurgitation jet area and the left atrial area, vena contracta diameter and mitral valve proximal isovelocity surface area. Then, mathematical equations were established for each group of dogs. Statistical functions obtained in this study enabled to classify the dogs, regarding the presence of CHF with a probability of correct classification of 90.4%. Thus the statistical model demonstrated that it could be used as an auxiliary method for identifying CHF in dogs with MMVD.

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Mitral valve disease

10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0015 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrizio Lancellotti ◽

Julien Magne ◽

Kim O’Connor ◽

Luc A. Pierard

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Aortic Valve Disease ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Valve Repair ◽

Associated Lesions ◽

Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽

Valve Diseases

Native mitral valve disease is the second valvular heart disease after aortic valve disease. For the last few decades, two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography was the cornerstone technique for evaluating patients with mitral valve disease. Besides aetiological information, echocardiography allows the description of valve anatomy, the assessment of disease severity, and the description of the associated lesions.This chapter will address the echocardiographic evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) and mitral stenosis (MS).In MR, the following findings should be assessed: 1. Aetiology. 2. Type and extent of anatomical lesions and mechanisms of regurgitation. 3. The possibility of mitral valve repair. 4. Quantification of MR severity. 5. Quantification of MR repercussions.In MS, the following findings should be assessed: 1. Aetiology. 2. Type and extent of anatomical lesions. 3. Quantification of MS severity. 4. Quantification of MS repercussions. 5. Wilkins or Cormier scores for the possibility of percutaneous mitral commissuroplasty.Management of patients with mitral valve disease is currently based on symptoms and on echocardiographic evaluation at rest. Therefore, knowing how to assess the severity of valve diseases as well as the pitfalls and the limitations of each echocardiographic method is of primary importance.

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Blood lactate increases with the progression of mitral valve disease in dogs

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1781-1786

Author(s):

Jorge Cardoso Silva-Filho ◽

Marlos G. Sousa ◽

Evandro Zacché Pereira ◽

Edna M.G. Ortiz ◽

Rodrigo P. Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Cardiac Remodeling ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: In dogs with congestive heart failure, the upregulated sympathetic tone causes vasoconstriction that impairs peripheral blood supply, therefore causing the accumulation of lactate. In this prospective cross-sectional study with a longitudinal component, blood lactate was quantified in 10 healthy and 34 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) dogs to investigate its potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. While there were no differences in lactate concentration between control animals and stages B1 (3.31±0.62mmol/L) and B2 (3.32±0.46mmol/L) dogs, significant differences were found between healthy (2.50±0.69mmol/L) and both C (3.99±0.47mmol/L) and D (6.97±1.23mmol/L) animals. When a cut-off of 3.35mmol/L was used, lactate was able to distinguish dogs with normal and remodeled hearts with a sensitivity of 78.2% and specificity of 63.6%. Also, significant correlations existed between lactate and indicators of cardiac remodeling. Finally, animals with blood lactate <3.5mmol/L carried a better prognosis when compared with dogs in which lactate was >5.0mmol/L. Our results suggest that the progression of MMVD results in accumulation of lactate within the bloodstream, which is likely attributable to the impaired peripheral tissue perfusion. In MMVD dogs, blood lactate may be used as a surrogate for cardiac remodeling, and an increased concentration is associated with a worse prognosis regarding the time to evolve into congestive heart failure.

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Usefulness of Conventional and Tissue Doppler Echocardiography to Predict Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine ◽

10.1111/jvim.12466 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.-H. Kim ◽

H.-M. Park

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Doppler Echocardiography ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Tissue Doppler ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Tissue Doppler Echocardiography

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Congestive Heart Failure Secondary to Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.asams.2012.05.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Kristin MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Valve Disease

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Mitral regurgitation in Dachshund dogs without heart murmurs

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.1515/jvetres-2017-0048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 363-366

Author(s):

Magdalena Garncarz ◽

Marta Parzeniecka-Jaworska ◽

Magdalena Hulanicka ◽

Michał Jank ◽

Olga Szaluś-Jordanow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Mitral Valve Regurgitation ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Valve Regurgitation ◽

Heart Murmurs ◽

Few Data

Abstract Introduction: Older small breed dogs are considered at risk for heart failure secondary to chronic mitral valve disease. However, few data are available on the onset of this disease in such dogs. This study was performed to determine if auscultation alone can be used to eliminate clinically relevant mitral valve regurgitation seen in echocardiography in Dachshund dogs. Material and Methods: Clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained from 107 dogs without heart murmurs. Results: The study revealed that 63.6% of the dogs had mitral regurgitation. Numbers increased with age and a larger percentage of male Dachshunds were affected than female Dachshunds. Mitral valve prolapse and thickening were mild, and the regurgitant area inextensive in most dogs. Conclusions: The study shows that mitral valve regurgitation is prevalent (63.6%) in Dachshunds without heart murmurs. Typical lesions often become apparent during echocardiographic examinations in dogs under 5 years of age.

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