scholarly journals Modern Oxidizing and Photo Oxidative Methods of Complexons Destruction in Liquid Radioactive Waste

10.12737/8234 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Камруков ◽  
A. Kamrukov ◽  
Новиков ◽  
D. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Xenon Lamps

State-of-the-art analysis for oxidizing technologies related to destruction of complexons and metalloorganic complexes in liquid radioactive waste has been carried out. Ways already put into practice, as well as the experimental ones have been considered. Oxidation by potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide and also ozonization and photo oxidation have been considered in detail. It has been shown that oxidation by potassium permanganate with subsequent filtration leads to decrease of isotopes activity, but hereby a considerable volume of manganese dioxide is formed. The ozonization application allows reduce considerably the liquid radioactive waste (LRW) volume, but along with this ozone is the extremely toxic and explosive substance demanding a special equipment for its production. Efficiency of oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and photo oxidation without catalysts is low. The special attention has been paid to combined oxidizing methods (AOP) based on use of ultra-violet (UV) radiation together with ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide. Such methods allow apply the strongest oxidizer – hydroxyl radical – for LRW processing. Efficiency of AOP-methods and their technological capabilities are substantially defined by characteristics of used UV radiation sources. A detailed analysis for a wide range of UV radiation possible sources (low and average pressure mercury lamps, amalgamate lamps, excimer lamps, light-emitting diodes and pulse xenon lamps) has been carried out, their comparative assessment has been executed. Great potential opportunities for the pulse xenon lamps providing a continuous range of radiation in UV area and high intensity for a stream of high-vigorous photons have been noted.

scholarly journals Applying of Seawater Desalination Technologies for the Pre-Evaporation of Liquid Radioactive Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
V. P. Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
S. V. Surkov ◽  
Hussam Ghanem ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
The Cost

Processing of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) includes evaporation followed by vitrification. Reducing the energy consumption of evaporation of LRW is an urgent task. In the article, an attention is paid to the fact that similar technical and economic problems are solved with the desalination of seawater. It is proposed to use well-developed seawater desalination technologies for preliminary evaporation of LRW. For a detailed analysis, desalination technology with mechanical vapor compression (MVC) was selected. This technology is energy-saving because it implements the heat pump principle. MVC technology is highly efficient, simple, and does not lead to the generation of secondary radioactive waste. A mathematical model of a single-stage desalination plant with MVC has been developed, taking into account that the thermodynamic cycle of this process is open. Since there are no data on the physical properties of LRW in the literature, the properties of sea water were used. The design and operational parameters were optimized in order to reduce the cost of 1 m3 of evaporated water. It has been established that the main design parameters affecting the cost of evaporated water are the degree of vapor compression in the compressor and the heat exchange surface area of the evaporatorcondenser. The influence of these parameters on capital and operating costs is shown. The optimal combinations of these parameters are determined. To ensure the optimal operating mode of the installation, it is necessary to maintain the optimum salt content of boiling brine, which is determined by the rate of consumption of the source water. The optimal values of these parameters are calculated in a wide range of salt content of the source water. It is shown that, at low salinity of the initial LRW, evaporation is advisable to be carried out in a multi-stage installation. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the specific cost of evaporation of liquid radioactive waste with an initial salt concentration of 10% to a salt content of 20% using the desalination technology with mechanical vapor compression is 0.843 USD/m3.

Method of Treatment of Radioactive Silts and Soils

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Varlakov ◽  
I. A. Sobolev ◽  
A. S. Barinov ◽  
S. A. Dmitriev ◽  
S. V. Karlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Product Volume ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTTo solve the problem of silts and soils that are contaminated with radioactive and toxic substances, the following method has been developed at SIA RADON. The material is mixed with limestone and other components, including up to 70 % (mass) of dried residue of liquid radioactive waste. The mixture is heated at 800 to 1000 °C, shredded, and used to form cement. This cementation process may be used to treat radioactive or other chemical waste.The work demonstrated that in the case of silts, for example, the product volume is reduced by a factor of 1.5 to 3 compared to the initial silts volume. A fast hardening, durable product is obtained, the quality of which is not inferior to that obtained by using the traditional binders. For some parameters, e.g., hardening rate and macroelement leaching, the current method is significantly better than the traditional cementation process. It has also been demonstrated that, over a wide range of parameters, when dry residue of liquid radioactive waste is used in the initial mixture, the part of NOxCan be reduced to nitrogen, thereby reducing NOx emissions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL UNIVERSAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM A WIDE RANGE OF WASTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Tashyrev ◽  
Valery Shevel ◽  
Vira Hovorukha ◽  
Olesia Havryliuk ◽  
Iryna Sioma
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Waste Destruction

Despite the achievements in development of environmental biotechnologies, the total amount of waste is continuously increasing. Development of novel methodological approach is the only possible effective solution of problems. The aim was to develop the base of universal biotechnologies for effective treatment of all four classes of waste and obtain valuable products. To obtain biotechnologically promising results the method of thermodynamic prognosis of microbial interaction with toxic compounds (multi component food waste and filtrate, metal containing wastewater, radioactive waste) was developed. The following results of food waste degradation were obtained: time detention T=6 days, coefficient of waste destruction Kd=90; biohydrogen yield – 120 L from 1 kg of waste. Wastewater treatment provided purification from 10020 to 20 ppm of total Carbon and toxic metals. Purification of liquid radioactive waste allowed several orders decreasing its activity within 4-5 days. These biotechnologies are promising for their industrial implementation in order to stop pollution of environment and preserve ecosystems.

Evaluation of the accuracy indicators in determination of the coating thickness by crater grinding method

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
K. V. Gogolinsky ◽  
A. E. Ivkin ◽  
V. V. Alekhnovich ◽  
A. Yu. Vasiliev ◽  
A. E. Tyurnina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Metrological Certification ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Thickness is one of the key indicators characterizing the quality and functional properties of coatings. Various indirect methods (electromagnetic, radiation, optical) most often used in practice to measure thickness are based on the functional dependence of a particular physical parameter of the system «base – coating» on the coating thickness. The sensitivity of these procedures to the certain properties of coatings imposes the main restriction to the accuracy of measurements. Therefore, the development and implementation of the approaches based on direct measurements of geometric parameters of the coating appears expedient. These methods often belong to the class of «destructive» and, in addition to measuring instruments, require the use of special equipment. To ensure the uniformity of measurements in the laboratory or technological control, these methods are isolated as a separate procedure (method) and must undergo metrological certification in accordance with GOST R 8.563–2009. We present implementation, metrological certification and practical application of the method for measuring thickness of coatings by crater-grinding method. The principles of technical implementation of test equipment, measurement procedure and calculation formulas are described. The results of evaluating the accuracy indicators of the proposed procedure by calculation and experimental methods are presented. In both cases, the relative error did not exceed 6%. The applicability of the developed technique is shown for a wide range of coating materials (from soft metals to superhard ceramics) of different thickness (with from units to hundreds of micrometers). Apart from the goals of process control and outgoing inspection, the method can be recommended as a reference measurement procedure for calibration of measures and adjusting samples for various types of thickness gauges.

scholarly journals Defects and uncertainties of adhesively bonded composite joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Omairey ◽  
Nithin Jayasree ◽  
Mihalis Kazilas
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Adhesively Bonded Joints ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bonded Composite

AbstractThe increasing use of fibre reinforced polymer composite materials in a wide range of applications increases the use of similar and dissimilar joints. Traditional joining methods such as welding, mechanical fastening and riveting are challenging in composites due to their material properties, heterogeneous nature, and layup configuration. Adhesive bonding allows flexibility in materials selection and offers improved production efficiency from product design and manufacture to final assembly, enabling cost reduction. However, the performance of adhesively bonded composite structures cannot be fully verified by inspection and testing due to the unforeseen nature of defects and manufacturing uncertainties presented in this joining method. These uncertainties can manifest as kissing bonds, porosity and voids in the adhesive. As a result, the use of adhesively bonded joints is often constrained by conservative certification requirements, limiting the potential of composite materials in weight reduction, cost-saving, and performance. There is a need to identify these uncertainties and understand their effect when designing these adhesively bonded joints. This article aims to report and categorise these uncertainties, offering the reader a reliable and inclusive source to conduct further research, such as the development of probabilistic reliability-based design optimisation, sensitivity analysis, defect detection methods and process development.

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