إستراتيجيات مكافحة جائحة COVID-19 : دراسة مقارنة لأثر إستراتيجيات التدخلات غير الدوائية المتبعة في إيطاليا والسويد = COVID-19 Pandemic Control Strategies : A Comparative Study of the Impact of the Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Strategies Followed in Italy and Sweden

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of 29 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected 199 countries and territories, resulting in 683,536 positive cases and causing 32,139 deaths. The pandemic has the potential to become extremely destructive globally if not treated seriously. In this study, we propose a generalized SEIR model of COVID-19 to study the behaviour of its transmission under different control strategies. In the model, all possible cases of human-to-human transmission are considered and its reproduction number is formulated to analyse the accurate transmission dynamics of the coronavirus outbreak. Optimal control theory is applied to the model to demonstrate the impact of various intervention strategies, including voluntary quarantine, isolation of infected individuals, improving an individual's immunity, and hospitalization. In addition, the effect of control strategies on the model is analysed graphically by simulating the model numerically.

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Impact of Lockdown 1.0-4.0 on spread of COVID-19 Pandemic in India

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i03.025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 598-600

Author(s):

Alok Ranjan ◽

Arshad Ayub ◽

Abhishek Kumar ◽

Sanjay Pandey ◽

Pragya Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

World Health ◽

Social Disparities ◽

Pharmaceutical Intervention ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). This was a call for immediate action to be taken on by all countries in terms of stepping up treatment, detection, and reduction of transmission. A total of 26472012 confirmed cases with over 873229 deaths were reported as on 4th September 2020 worldwide. (1) Government of India, initiated various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) to break the chain of transmission and prevent the spread of COVID-19, which included social distancing, and restricted public mobility like lockdown. The largest COVID-19 national lockdown in India started on 25th march 2020. Still, India’s population of 1·3 billion across diverse states, health inequalities, widening economic and social disparities, and distinct cultural values present unique challenges.(2) Meanwhile nationwide lockdown was extended till 31st may 2020 by Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (Lockdown 4.0).(3) This lockdown strategy adopted by the country to curtail the impact and flatten/delay the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it’s quantification may aid to plan future intervention strategies

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Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19

10.1101/2020.04.04.20053173 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nita H. Shah ◽

Ankush H. Suthar ◽

Ekta N. Jayswal

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control Theory ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

AbstractRecently the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) as a pandemic, and declared it as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. More than 683,536 positive cases and 32,139 deaths caused by novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) has affected 199 countries and territories. This pandemic can transform into an extremely destructive form if we still do not take it seriously. In the present study, we propose a generalized SEIR model of COVID-19 to study the behaviour of its transmission under different control strategies. In the model, all possible cases of human to human transmission are taken care and its reproduction number is formulated to analyse accurate transmission dynamics of the coronavirus outbreak. Optimal control theory is applied in the model to pretend the impact of various intervention strategies, including voluntary quarantine, isolation of infected individuals, improving an individual’s immunity and hospitalisation. Also, effect of the control strategies on model is analysed graphically by simulating the model numerically.

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Longitudinal Studies on Listeria in Smoked Fish Plants: Impact of Intervention Strategies on Contamination Patterns

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2500 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 2500-2514 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

VICTORIA R. LAPPI ◽

JOANNE THIMOTHE ◽

KENDRA KERR NIGHTINGALE ◽

KENNETH GALL ◽

VIRGINIA N. SCOTT ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Samples ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Smoked Fish ◽

Plant Environment ◽

Before And After ◽

Processing Plants ◽

The Impact

Four ready-to-eat smoked fish plants were monitored for 2 years to study Listeria contamination patterns and the impact of plant-specific Listeria control strategies, including employee training and targeted sanitation procedures, on Listeria contamination patterns. Samples from the processing plant environment and from raw and finished product were collected monthly and tested for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Before implementation of intervention strategies, 19.2% of raw product samples (n = 276), 8.7% of finished product samples (n = 275), and 26.1% of environmental samples (n = 617) tested positive for Listeria spp. During and after implementation of Listeria control strategies, 19.0% of raw product samples (n = 242), 7.0% of finished product samples (n = 244), and 19.5% of environmental samples (n = 527) were positive for Listeria spp. In one of the four fish plants (plant 4), no environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, and this plant was thus excluded from statistical analyses. Based on data pooled from plants 1, 2, and 3, environmental Listeria spp. prevalence was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for nonfood contact surfaces and the finished product area and for the overall core environmental samples after implementation of control strategies. Listeria prevalence for floor drains was similar before and after implementation of controls (49.6 and 54.2%, respectively). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship (P < 0.05) between L. monocytogenes prevalence in the environment and in finished products before implementation of control strategies; however, this relationship was absolved by implementation of Listeria control strategies. Molecular subtyping (EcoRI ribotyping) revealed that specific L. monocytogenes ribotypes persisted in three processing plants over time. These persistent ribotypes were responsible for all six finished product contamination events detected in plant 1. Ribotype data also indicated that incoming raw material is only rarely a direct source of finished product contamination. While these data indicate that plant-specific Listeria control strategies can reduce cross-contamination and prevalence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the plant environment, elimination of persistent L. monocytogenes strains remains a considerable challenge.

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