Inventory Management Using a Weekly Review (s, S) Policy at the Bank of Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Legrain ◽  
Johnathan Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Bank Of Canada

While the inventory management problem faced by central banks is complicated in that they must deal with two-way shipments, complex costing agreements and insurance limits on inventory, we were able to develop an adapted version of an (s,S) policy that reduced the costs of the central bank’s inventory management by 25%. Implementation required very little change to the regular practices of the Bank and resulted in very few unintended consequences.

scholarly journals A literature review on multi-echelon inventory management: the case of pharmaceutical supply chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouçaiba Sbai ◽  
Abdelaziz Berrado
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Service Level

Inventory management remains a key challenge in supply chain management. Many companies recognize the benefits of a good inventory management system. An effective inventory management helps reaching a high customer service level while dealing with demand variability. In a complex supply chain network where inventories are found across the entire system as raw materials or finished products, the need for an integrated approach for managing inventory had become crucial. Modelling the system as a multi-echelon inventory system allows to consider all the factors related to inventory optimization. On the other hand, the high criticality of the pharmaceutical products makes the need for a sophisticated supply chain inventory management essential. The implementation of the multi-echelon inventory management in such supply chains helps keeping the stock of pharmaceutical products available at the different installations. This paper provides an insight into the multi-echelon inventory management problem, especially in the pharmaceutical supply chain. A classification of several multi-echelon inventory systems according to a set of criteria is provided. A synthesis of multiple multi-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain problems is elaborated.

scholarly journals A Study of an EOQ Model under Lock Fuzzy Environment

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Maity ◽  
Sujit Kumar De ◽  
Sankar Prasad Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Final State ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Vector

The present article was developed for the economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model under daytime, non-random, uncertain demand. In any inventory management problem, several parameters are involved that are basically flexible in nature with the progress of time. This model can be split into three different sub-models, assuming the demand rate and the cost vector associated with the model are non-randomly uncertain (i.e., fuzzy), and these may include some of the retained learning experiences of the decision-maker (DM). However, the DM has the option of revising his/her decision through the application of the appropriate key vector of the fuzzy locks in their final state. The basic novelty of the present model is that it includes a computer-based decision‐making process involving flowchart algorithms that are able to identify and update the key vectors automatically. The numerical study indicates that when all parameters are assumed to be fuzzy, the double keys of the fuzzy lock provide a more accurate optimum than other methods. Sensitivity analysis and graphical illustrations are made for better justification of the model.

scholarly journals ARE THE EFFECTS OF UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICY ON FINANCIAL MARKETS CAUSING BUBBLES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lacalle
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Asset Classes

Cheap money can become very expensive in the long run. Unconventional monetary policies have been the main tools of central banks to tackle the economic crisis. In this paper we aim to understand whether these policies have created distortions in the fi nancial markets and if we can be concerned about the creation of “bubbles”, considering whether quantitative easing has impacted fi nancial asset classes’ valuations beyond reasonable fundamentals. I conclude that there is empirical evidence of inordinate expansion of multiples and that central bank policy makers should include “fi nancial market infl ation” as well as consumer price indices (CPI) in their assessment of infl ation expectations. I believe that this should be an essential analysis to avoid unintended consequences in the future, and a possible next fi nancial crisis that central banks will be unable to face with the same tools of the past.

scholarly journals Central Banking and Inequalities: Old Tropes and New Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Fontan ◽  
Peter Dietsch ◽  
François Claveau ◽  
Jérémie Dion
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Bank Of Canada ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Bankers ◽  
Do So

This paper presents a critical analysis of the stance taken on inequality by two central banks since 2015: the Bank of Canada (BoC) and the Federal Reserve (Fed). The analysis is informed by a computer-assisted discourse analysis of how central bankers from the two institutions position themselves when it comes to issues of inequality. We observe that the position on inequality of the two central banks has changed in recent years and continues to do so. We argue that the stance on inequality taken by the BoC and the Fed suffers from a number of both inconsistencies and shortcomings. On the one hand, the BoC and the Fed claim that monetary policy instruments are too blunt to target specific sectors of the economy. On the other hand, with their response to COVID-19, they have demonstrated that such targeting is possible after all.

An Integer Black-Box Optimization Model for Repairable Spare Parts Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-68
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bernabei ◽  
Francesco Costantino ◽  
Laura Palagi ◽  
Riccardo Patriarca ◽  
Francesco Romito
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Repairable Systems ◽  
Spare Parts Management

Spare parts management affects significantly costs and service level for supply chains. This paper deals with an inventory management problem for multi-item repairable systems via a systemic perspective based on a new efficient integer black-box optimization model. With respect to the traditionally used marginal allocation that considers items individually, the proposed black-box optimization model is a holistic approach in the fact that it exploits relationships among items. The authors propose a derivative-free algorithm specifically tied to the application which exploits a new selection strategy for choosing entire subsets of items with the aim to get the best expected improvement in the objective function. The approach has been tested on a real case study for optimizing stocks in an airline's inventory network. The case study provides evidence about the good behavior of the exploratory geometry of the proposed approach in finding quickly a feasible and optimal solution for inventory control.

A Mechanism Design Approach to Vendor Managed Inventory

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2628-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharadwaj Kadiyala ◽  
Özalp Özer ◽  
Alain Bensoussan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Vendor Managed Inventory ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
Pos Data

This paper studies an inventory management problem faced by an upstream supplier that is in a collaborative agreement, such as vendor-managed inventory (VMI), with a retailer. A VMI partnership provides the supplier an opportunity to manage inventory for the supply chain in exchange for point-of-sales (POS)- and inventory-level information from the retailer. However, retailers typically possess superior local market information and as has been the case in recent years, are able to capture and analyze customer purchasing behavior beyond the traditional POS data. Such analyses provide the retailer access to market signals that are otherwise hard to capture using POS information. We show and quantify the implication of the financial obligations of each party in VMI that renders communication of such important market signals as noncredible. To help institute a sound VMI collaboration, we propose learn and screen—a dynamic inventory mechanism—for the supplier to effectively manage inventory and information in the supply chain. The proposed mechanism combines the ability of the supplier to learn about market conditions from POS data (over multiple selling periods) and dynamically determine when to screen the retailer and acquire his private demand information. Inventory decisions in the proposed mechanism serve a strategic purpose in addition to their classic role of satisfying customer demand. We show that our proposed dynamic mechanism significantly improves the supplier’s expected profit and increases the efficiency of the overall supply chain operations under a VMI agreement. In addition, we determine the market conditions in which a strategic approach to VMI results in significant profit improvements for both firms, particularly when the retailer has high market power (i.e., when the supplier highly depends on the retailer) and when the supplier has relatively less knowledge about the end customer/market compared with the retailer. This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.

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