Which Healthy Eating Nudges Work Best? A Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Cadario ◽  
Pierre Chandon
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Meta Analysis

The effectiveness of healthy eating nudges in field settings increases as they shift from focusing on influencing cognition to affect to behavior.

scholarly journals Obsessive healthy eating and orthorexic eating tendencies in sport and exercise contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Strahler ◽  
Hanna Wachten ◽  
Anett Mueller-Alcazar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Behaviors ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) and exercise addiction (ExAdd) are two phenomena believed to overlap. We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the link between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors.MethodsA systematic review of major databases and gray literature was carried out for studies reporting on ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken calculating correlations between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. A sub-group analysis investigated gender differences.ResultsTwenty-five studies with 10,134 participants (mean age = 25.21; 56.4% female) were included. Analyses showed a small overall correlation between ON and exercise (21 studies, r = 0.12, 95% CI |0.06–0.18|) and a medium overall correlation between ON and ExAdd (7 studies, r = 0.29, 95% CI |0.13–0.45|). Gender differences were negligible.ConclusionsOrthorexic eating correlated slightly and moderately with exercise and ExAdd, respectively, expressing some unique and shared variance of these behaviors. While this does not suggest ON and addictive exercising to be independent, it does not indicate substantial comorbidity. Future research should focus on clinical relevance, underlying mechanisms, vulnerability, and risk factors.

The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: a meta-analysis of15N field experiments

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2167-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Gardner ◽  
Laurie E. Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen

scholarly journals Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, Dietary Inflammatory Index and risk of mortality: results from the Whitehall II cohort study and meta-analysis of previous Dietary Inflammatory Index and mortality studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hebert ◽  
Mika Kivimaki ◽  
Tasnime Akbaraly
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cancer Mortality Risk

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between the Alternative Healthy Eating Index updated in 2010 (AHEI-2010), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIITM) and risk of mortality in the Whitehall II study. We also conducted a meta-analysis on the DII-based results from previous studies to summarise the overall evidence. Data on dietary behaviour assessed by self-administered repeated FFQ and on mortality status were available for 7627 participants from the Whitehall II cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to assess the association between cumulative average of AHEI-2010 and DII scores and mortality risk. During 22 years of follow-up, 1001 participants died (450 from cancer, 264 from CVD). Both AHEI-2010 (mean=48·7 (sd10·0)) and DII (mean=0·37 (sd1·41)) were associated with all-cause mortality. The fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) persd, were 0·82; 95 % CI 0·76, 0·88 for AHEI-2010 and 1·18; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·29 for DII. Significant associations were also observed with cardiovascular and cancer mortality risk. For DII, a meta-analysis (using fixed effects) from this and four previous studies showed a positive association of DII score with all-cause (HR=1·04; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·05, 28 891deaths), cardiovascular (HR=1·05; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·07, 10 424 deaths) and cancer mortality (HR=1·05; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·07,n8269).The present study confirms the validity to assess overall diet through AHEI-2010 and DII in the Whitehall II cohort and highlights the importance of considering diet indices related to inflammation when evaluating all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality risk.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of high-latitude nitrogen-addition and warming studies imply ecological mechanisms overlooked by land models

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 12375-12414 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J Bouskill ◽  
W. J Riley ◽  
J. Tang
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Nutrient Competition ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Accurate representation of ecosystem processes in land models is crucial for reducing predictive uncertainty in energy and greenhouse gas feedbacks with the atmosphere. Here we describe an observational and modeling meta-analysis approach to benchmark land models, and apply the method to the land model CLM4.5 with two versions of belowground biogeochemistry. We focused our analysis on the above and belowground high-latitude ecosystem responses to warming and nitrogen addition, and identified mechanisms absent, or poorly parameterized in CLM4.5. While the two model versions predicted similar trajectories for soil carbon stocks following both types of perturbation, other variables (e.g., belowground respiration) differed from the observations in both magnitude and direction, indicating the underlying mechanisms are inadequate for representing high-latitude ecosystems. The observational synthesis attribute these differences to missing representations of microbial dynamics, characterization of above and belowground functional processes, and nutrient competition. We use the observational meta-analyses to discuss potential approaches to improving the current models (e.g., the inclusion of dynamic vegetation or different microbial functional guilds), however, we also raise a cautionary note on the selection of data sets and experiments to be included in a meta-analysis. For example, the concentrations of nitrogen applied in the synthesized field experiments (average =72 kg ha−1 yr−1) are many times higher than projected soil nitrogen concentrations (from nitrogen deposition and release during mineralization), which preclude a rigorous evaluation of the model responses to nitrogen perturbation. Overall, we demonstrate here that elucidating ecological mechanisms via meta-analysis can identify deficiencies in both ecosystem models and empirical experiments.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Buja ◽  
Marco Pierbon ◽  
Laura Lago ◽  
Giulia Grotto ◽  
Vincenzo Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Eating Style ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document