Retrospective Time-Trend Study of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether and Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels in Human Serum from the United States

The current study used meta-regression to establish trends in bullying from 1998 to 2017, to identify factors that help explain variation in bullying trends, and to determine differences in the trends by gender and grade. This study focused on trends of face-to-face (FTF) bullying victimization and perpetration, cyberbullying victimization, relational bullying victimization, verbal bullying victimization, and physical bullying victimization, as well as characteristics of the youth involved. It also explored methodological and survey differences to help determine which factors contribute to variation from study to study. A systematic search found 91 studies reporting trends of bullying, from 1998 to 2017, that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings illustrate no significant time trend when looking at FTF bullying victimization, yet an increasing time trend for cyberbullying victimization. Additional trends begin to emerge when stratifying the findings by grade and gender, with FTF bullying victimization among boys declining, while FTF bullying victimization among girls is increasing. Across both FTF bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization, younger adolescents report significantly more bullying than older adolescents, and this is consistent over time. Verbal and physical bullying victimization as well as FTF bullying perpetration have significantly declined over time. This study also identified key variables that contribute to the variation from trend study to trend study. The implications of these findings inform both policy and practice and provide insight into the overall scope of bullying within the United States.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in foodstuffs collected from three locations from the United States

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Arnold Schecter ◽

Justin Colacino ◽

Keyur Patel ◽

Kurunthachalam Kannan ◽

Se Hun Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Diphenyl Ether ◽

The United States ◽

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether

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Brief Report

10.1093/oso/9780190057008.003.0011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 181-196

Author(s):

Sean G Massey ◽

Richard E. Mattson ◽

Mei-Hsiu Chen ◽

Melissa Hardesty ◽

Ann Merriwether ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Trend Study ◽

Attraction Behavior ◽

Survey Responses

This trend study analyzed 9 years (2011–2019) of cross-sectional survey responses to Klein’s Sexual Orientation Grid to explore changes in sexual orientation among emerging adult college students. Categorical regression models based on ordinal responses revealed that participants were moving away from exclusive heterosexuality on attraction, behavior, and identity subscales at a rate of approximately 6% per year. This trend augments for women after 2014, coinciding with increased advocacy efforts related to U.S. marriage equality, but attenuates for men. Participants’ race also related to variations in sexual orientation: Black participants were less likely than White participants to identify as exclusively heterosexual, whereas the pattern reversed for Asian participants relative to White participants. These findings suggest that changes in sexual orientation are occurring among emerging adults in the United States, potentially in response to changing social and political contexts, but these changes are more pronounced in women and Black emerging adults.

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The Analysis of Human Serum Lipoprotein Distributions1 1This work was supported by Research Grants HE 01882-09 and HE 02029-09 from the National Heart Institute, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland, and by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

Advances in Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4831-9939-9.50008-5 ◽

1965 ◽

pp. 25-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

ALICIA M. EWING ◽

NORMAN K. FREEMAN ◽

FRANK T. LINDGREN

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Health Service ◽

Human Serum ◽

Atomic Energy Commission ◽

The United States ◽

Serum Lipoprotein ◽

Atomic Energy ◽

Research Grants ◽

Heart Institute

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BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF 61 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL AND FOUR POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER CONGENERS IN JUVENILE AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS)

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1897/06-052r.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 313 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Ken G. Drouillard ◽

Kimberly J. Fernie ◽

Robert J. Letcher ◽

Laird J. Shutt ◽

Megan Whitehead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Diphenyl Ether ◽

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether ◽

Falco Sparverius ◽

American Kestrels

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Antibody-Mediated Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant ST258Klebsiella pneumoniaeby Human Neutrophils

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00297-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Scott D. Kobayashi ◽

Adeline R. Porter ◽

Brett Freedman ◽

Ruchi Pandey ◽

Liang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Serum ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Strong Support ◽

The United States ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

The World

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeis a problem worldwide. A carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaelineage classified as multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258) is prominent in the health care setting in many regions of the world, including the United States. ST258 strains can be resistant to virtually all clinically useful antibiotics; treatment of infections caused by these organisms is difficult, and mortality is high. As a step toward promoting development of new therapeutics for ST258 infections, we tested the ability of rabbit antibodies specific for ST258 capsule polysaccharide to enhance human serum bactericidal activity and promote phagocytosis and killing of these bacteria by human neutrophils. We first demonstrated that an isogenicwzydeletion strain is significantly more susceptible to killing by human heparinized blood, serum, and neutrophils than a wild-type ST258 strain. Consistent with the importance of capsule as an immune evasion molecule, rabbit immune serum and purified IgG specific for ST258 capsule polysaccharide type 2 (CPS2) enhanced killing by human blood and serumin vitro. Moreover, antibodies specific for CPS2 promoted phagocytosis and killing of ST258 by human neutrophils. Collectively, our findings suggest that ST258 CPS2 is a viable target for immunoprophylactics and/or therapeutics.IMPORTANCEInfections caused by carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaeare difficult to treat, and mortality is high. New prophylactic approaches and/or therapeutic measures are needed to prevent or treat infections caused by these multidrug-resistant bacteria. A strain of carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniae, classified by multilocus sequence typing as ST258, is present in many regions of the world and is the most prominent carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaelineage in the United States. Here we show that rabbit antibodies specific for capsule polysaccharide of ST258 significantly enhance human serum bactericidal activity and promote phagocytosis and killing of this pathogen by human neutrophils. These studies have provided strong support for the idea that development of an immunotherapy (vaccine) for carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaeinfections is feasible and has merit.

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