scholarly journals Insufficient Colostrum Ingestion is a Risk Factor for Polyarthritis and/or Phlegmon in Hand-Reared Reticulated Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata): 7 Cases (2003–2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhide KIDO ◽  
Kasumi NAGAKURA ◽  
Masanori ITABASHI ◽  
Kaori ONO ◽  
Mayuko DAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Giraffa Camelopardalis

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Gout Guidelines Highlight Risk Factor Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (23) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Factor Analysis

Hyperinsulinemia a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor
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