scholarly journals Improvement of the Water-Energy Nexus and the Environmental Performance of Water Supply Systems using Smart ICT Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
Jorge Helmbrecht ◽  
Matthias Maier ◽  
Esteban Morillo ◽  
Dirk Kühlers ◽  
Karl Roth
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
North West ◽  
Intelligent Software ◽  
Water Energy Nexus

In the last years, there has been a great interest in the complex interactions between energy and water, known as the Water-Energy Nexus.1 Free and unrestricted availability and access to energy and water enables the growth of an economy and supports the quality of life. The Water-Energy Nexus is considered as one of the most important multidisciplinary challenges2 that the water market globally growing has to face in the forthcoming years. Currently, many water systems are not managed in terms of long term sustainability. Water Utilities (WU) are faced to further challenges, such as aging of their infrastructure and poor cost-recovery, leading to a lack of finance for operation and maintenance (O&M). Energy is required in all stages of water production and distribution, from abstraction over treatment to transportation. Energy costs are a top-of-mind concern for WU, regardless of the geography, size and level of water network efficiency.3 On the other hand, in developing countries WU are having a hard time to either improve their services or expand their network to unserved neighbourhoods. Regarding all this facts, and considering an economic and competitive scenario which forces to respond to pressures from various fields (market, technology, society...), lead to the need to implement new methods and processes that can meet these growing demands and to try to manage responses and actions in real time. Intelligent software solutions can be applied to networks, whether they have either smart metering and large amounts of data or less recorded data. They enhance the operators’ knowledge of this data, turn it into useful information for decision-making related to the operation, maintenance and the design of the water supply network. In this paper, an application of an intelligent software solution is presented. WatEner, a smart Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solution that combines the key factors of energy consumption with further operational requirements of drinking water supply to improve the management of water supply networks, has been tested with good results by the WU of the city of Karlsruhe, a water rich area in North-West - Europe where the main objective was to save energy in the drinking water distribution. As a conclusion, a non-structural solution for the water-energy nexus can have a great impact on several matters (e.g. climate change, carbon footprint, WUs balance sheets, water losses) with reasonable investment in only a few sensors in the water supply network.

scholarly journals Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania)

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Marina Valentukeviciene ◽  
Aukse Amosenkiene ◽  
Regimantas Dauknys
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Quality changes of drinking water in the water supply network (case study from Lithuania) The purpose of this research was to examine water quality changes by distributing in to the water supply network. Water samples were collected from Varena town (Lithuania) drinking water distribution system fed by groundwater from well field. Parameters related to undesirable increasing of nitrites and nitrates concentrations have been measured considering these samples: pH, conductivity, concentration of total iron, manganese, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites. Results showed that groundwater from well field were extremely susceptible to favor bacterial growth in the pipelines. The occurrence of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water samples correlated positively with the lengths of old iron pipelines and negatively with the content of newly laid pipelines. The obtained results also showed that the potential nitrates increasing induced by the distribution of treated water could be reduced if: nitrates levels were below detection limits at the outlet of the water treatment plant; biological ammonium removal treatment implementation should reduce the levels of the nitrates and nitrites of the treated supplied water. Although the nitrates concentration increase in drinking water distribution systems, the issues with nitrites accumulation are rare in Lithuania. However, such processes still need to be proved in more extensive investigation, but these research results could be applied as a basic scenario.

Diversification of Water Network Tanks Volume

2015 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Janusz Rak ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Crisis Situations

Diversification of the water volume has a particularly positive role in crisis situations related to water supply in urban and industrial areas. The function of water supply tanks is to compensate water supply for a settlement unit in a daily cycle, stabilizing the pressure in the supply area. In crisis situations, tanks capacity is used for the purposes of fire. A new function is the use of stored water as an emergency source of water supply during failure. Water supply network tanks act as reserves for various types of undesirable events. The previous methods of analysis and risk assessment in water supply systems did not include directly the assessment of volume diversification in a given number of water supply network tanks. For this purpose the Shannon-Wiener index, as well as the author’s index, based on the polynomial function, were proposed. These indices enable to perform an objective assessment of the water volume diversification degree ​​​and comparing the various subsystems of collecting water on the example of seven water supply system in the south of Poland. Perspectives for the development of research direction, that is safety management, is a challenge for both theoreticians and practitioners working in the water supply companies.

scholarly journals PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE CITY OF NORILSK

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N. V. Karmanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

According to UN estimates, the shortage of safe drinking water can become one of the most acute and pressing problems. The specificity of this problem for Russia is not a shortage of water resources, but their pollution and ongoing degradation of water bodies. The quality of water is understood as the totality of its properties associated with the nature and concentration of impurities in the water. Water analysis is the only tool for monitoring its condition and properties. During the experiment, a team of researchers took samples of drinking water from the water supply network in various districts of the Norilsk industrial region, studied the dependence of the quality characteristics of water on the location and sampling method. Based on the findings, conclusions on the quality of drinking water were drawn. During the experiment, the authors found that in terms of organoleptic indicators, drinking water in all areas of the NIR meets the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations and GOST. Taking samples at three control points of the Norilsk industrial region, it has been proven that the water is soft and its salt content is mainly due to the presence of hardness salts. Having made the necessary analyses, the authors found that the presence of microorganisms in the water supply network of the NIR is not significant, the permanganate oxidisability indicator does not exceed the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations.

Efficiency and performance of a drinking water supply network for an urban cluster at Tlemcen Algeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2165-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chérifa Abdelbaki ◽  
Bénina Touaibia ◽  
Hacène Mahmoudi ◽  
Sidi Mohamed Djelloul Smir ◽  
Mohamed Amine Allal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Urban Cluster ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Detection and Localization of Water Leaks in Water Nets Supported by an ICT System with Artificial Intelligence Methods as a Way Forward for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Rojek ◽  
Jan Studzinski
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
City Management ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
It Systems

The last decade has seen the development of complex IT systems to support city management, i.e., the creation of so-called intelligent cities. These systems include modules dedicated to particular branches of municipal economy, such as urban transport, heating systems, energy systems, telecommunications, and finally water and sewage management. In turn, with regard to the latter branch, IT systems supporting the management of water supply and sewage networks and sewage treatment plants are being developed. This paper deals with the system concerning the urban water supply network, and in particular, with the subsystem for detecting and locating leakages on the water supply network, including so-called hidden leakages. These leaks cause the greatest water losses in networks, especially in old ones, with a very diverse age and material structure. In the proposed concept of the subsystem consisting of a GIS (Geographical Information System), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system and hydraulic model of the water supply network, an algorithm of leak detection and location based on the neural networks’ MLP (multi-layer perceptron) and Kohonen was developed. The algorithm has been tested on the hydraulic models of several municipal water supply networks.

Disinfection by-products in Croatian drinking water supplies with special emphasis on the water supply network in the city of Zagreb

2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 111360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kurajica ◽  
M. Ujević Bošnjak ◽  
M. Novak Stankov ◽  
A.S. Kinsela ◽  
J. Štiglić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
The City ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Bayesian Inference in the Analysis of the Failure Risk of the Water Supply Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Janusz R. Rak ◽  
Dawid Szpak
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Posteriori Probability ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
A Posteriori Probability ◽  
Network Failure

Abstract One of the basic subsystems of the collective water supply system is the water distribution subsystem which has a direct impact on the reliability and safety of water supply to consumers. Failures of water pipes may cause water losses (leaks), interruptions in the water supply to consumers and can be the cause of secondary water pollution in the water supply network. It was proposed to use Bayesian inference to locate failures on the water supply network and to determine a posteriori probability of water network failure. It was found that the conditional probability of distribution water supply network failure is definitely higher than the conditional probability of home connections failure. The research results should be used by the water supply company during the development of an operational strategy for the renovation and modernization of the water supply network.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Total Affected Water and Total Discharged Wastewater of Nišava District (Serbia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pavićević
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Living World ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Wastewater Systems

BACKGROUND: Water, as a natural resource, is the most basic substance of life that has immeasurable significance for the living world, ecosystems, and planet Earth. It is consumed by plants, animals, and humans. AIM: We aimed to preform a trend analysis of total affected quantities of water and total discharged wastewater (TDWW) of Nišava district (Serbia). METHODS: In this paper, a trend analysis is given of total affected quantities of water, delivered quantities of drinking water (DQDW), total discharged wastewater (TDWW), wastewater discharges to wastewater systems, and number of households connected to the water supply network of Nišava district (Serbia). RESULTS: The values for Nišava district (Serbia) for total affected quantities of water and DQDW for the period 2006–2018 and wastewater discharges to wastewater systems for the period 2009–2018 decreased, whereas the values for Nišava district (Serbia) for TDWW for the period 2006–2018 and number of households connected to the water supply network for the period 2007–2018 increased. The paper also provides regression models for approximation DQDW (eq. 1) and TDWW (eq. 2) for Nišava district (Serbia) for the period 2006–2018. CONCLUSION: Values for total affected quantities of water (×103 m³) for Nišava district (Serbia) for the period 2006–2018, they decreased from 41740 in 2006 to 9931 in 2018.

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