SYNTHESIS OF 2-NITRO-1,3-BIS(3,3’-DIHYDROXYMETHYL)-1,2,3-TRIAZOLYL-2-AZAPROPANE BY THE REACTION OF AZIDE-ALKYN CYCLOADDITION

2-Нитро-1,3-бис(3,3'-дигидроксиметил)-1,2,3-триазолил-2-азапропан (2-НДТАП) представляет интерес в качестве исходного вещества в синтезе высокоэнергетических соединений. В статье рассмотрен синтез 2-НДТАП реакцией азид-алкинового циклоприсоединения 1,3-диазидо-2-нитро-2-азапропана с пропаргиловым спиртом в среде трет-бутилового спирта в присутствии медного катализатора (проволока, порошок меди, оксид меди, нанооксид меди). Исследовано влияние катализатора и температуры процесса на его продолжительность, выход и качество продукта. Структура 2-НДТАП подтверждена методами ИК- и ЯМР-спектроскопии. В результате разработан метод получения 2-НДТАП с выходом 62 % и содержанием основного вещества выше 97 %. 2-Nitro-1,3-bis (3,3'-dihydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazolyl-2-azapropane (2-NDTAP) is of interest as a starting material in the synthesis of high-energy compounds. The article discusses the synthesis of 2-NDTAP the reaction of azide-alkyne cycloaddition 1,3-diazido-2-nitro-2-azapropane with propargyl alcohol in tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of a copper catalyst (wire, copper powder, copper oxide, nano copper oxide). The influence of the catalyst and the temperature of the process on its duration, yield and product quality has been investigated. The structure of 2-NDTAP was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. As a result, a method for obtaining 2-NDTAP with a yield of 62 % and a basic substance content of more than 97 % was developed.

Flower and plant variants as abstraction in Javanese batik motifs from classical to contemporary era

Batik is one of the artworks of old Javanese society which has continued to exist and develop until the present day. In the 18th century, batik was a special type of clothing worn by the nobility, and there were even prohibitions for using batik clothing with certain types of motifs. Its basic substance is the ornamental images made on the fabric. A piece of cloth can change its position and value only because of a difference in decoration. As a visual aesthetic, batik is the work of Javanese artists, created by abstracting the surrounding natural environment, especially various flora, and fauna. Up to 1912, there were more than 100 names of flowers, leaves, and plants that were abstracted to become classical motifs. In the contemporary era, where batik has become more acceptable as clothing for the public, flora-based motifs are no longer the result of abstraction of particular flowers or plants but are considered more for their ornamental aesthetic. The aesthetic value of contemporary batik motifs is no longer determined by the type of flowers or plants abstracted, but by how they are represented for the beauty of clothing.

Cinnamon as a Useful Preventive Substance for the Care of Human and Plant Health

Cinnamon is widely used as a food spice, but due to its antibacterial and pharmacological properties, it can also be used in processing, medicine and agriculture. The word “Cinnamon” can refer to the plant, processed material, or an extract. It is sometimes used as a substance, and sometimes used as a mixture or as compounds or a group. This article reviews research into the effectiveness of various forms of cinnamon for the control of plant diseases and pests in crops and during storage of fruit and vegetables. Cinnamon acts on pests mainly as a repellent, although in higher doses it has a biocidal effect and prevents egg-laying. Cinnamon and its compounds effectively hinder bacterial and fungal growth, and the phytotoxic effects of cinnamon make it a possible herbicide. This article presents the wide practical use of cinnamon for various purposes, mainly in agriculture. Cinnamon is a candidate for approval as a basic substance with protective potential. In particular, it can be used in organic farming as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for use in plant protection, especially in preventive treatments. The use of natural products is in line with the restriction of the use of chemical pesticides and the principles of the EU’s Green Deal.

Establishing rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate

This paper reports a study into the dependence of efficient glycerate potassium production involving glycerin and potassium hydroxide solution on the process conditions. The concentration of potassium glycerate in the resulting product has been used as a parameter of the efficient glycerate potassium production process. Glycerates of metals are applied to produce articles in the construction industry, electronics, medicine; they are employed as transesterification catalysts to obtain special fats for various purposes, as well as biodiesel fuel. In order to derive potassium glycerate, heating was applied while agitating a mixture of glycerin and potassium hydroxide. The analysis of potassium hydroxide was performed, in which the basic substance mass fraction was 85.5 %, the mass fraction of carbonate potassium – 0.9 %. The p.a.-grade glycerin was applied in this work, whose basic substance mass fraction was 99.5 %. The effect of the heating temperature of the reaction mixture on the concentration of potassium glycerate in the product has been determined. It has been shown that the rational heating temperature is 145 °C. The dependence of potassium glycerate concentration in the resulting product on the following conditions of the process has been established: a change in the molar concentration of glycerin and a reaction mixture heating duration. Such rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate have been defined as a molar concentration of glycerin of 60 % and a heating duration of 4 hours. The experimentally established concentration of potassium glycerate in the product under these conditions was 75.77 %. For potassium glycerate, the melting point (69 °C) and the mass fraction of moisture (0.8 %) have been determined. The results of experimental studies would make it possible to obtain potassium glycerate directly at enterprises where the glycerates of metals are used, from available raw materials, under rational conditions. The defined conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate could make it possible to efficiently utilize material and energy resources.

One-step method for obtaining potassium sulfate and processing of lye

Method of obtaining potassium sulfate with basic substance content higher 92 % shown. Process conditions: 110 % KCl (10 % excess substance from stoichiometry), mixing at temperature higher 95 °C during 30 min, mixing at temperature 0 °C for 1 hour, stirrer speed 500 rpm, sludge washing 15 % water from wet sludge weight, drying the washed sludge at 70–80 °C during 1 hour. The degree of evaporation of the solution at which the double salt of potassium and ammonium sulfate precipitated was determined. The degree is 30 % at the evaporated suspension cooled, and is 45 % at hot filtration.