BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF TOMATO PHYTOPATHOGENS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO AGRICULTURAL DEFENSIVES AND ANTIBIOTICS

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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Cost-Benefit Reasoning About Biological Control

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e652942007-001 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew E. Monroe ◽

Corinne Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Cost Benefit

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Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in1186-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

James P. Cuda ◽

Patricia Prade ◽

Carey R. Minteer-Killian

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

North America ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Pepper Tree ◽

Brazilian Pepper ◽

Close Relatives ◽

Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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Infestation of the testes of the Japanese sea star Asterias amurensis by the ciliate Orchitophyra stellarum:a caution against the use of this ciliate for biological control

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao028235 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 235-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M Byrne ◽

A Cerra ◽

T Nishigaki ◽

M Hoshi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Sea Star ◽

Asterias Amurensis

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Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review.

Czech Mycology ◽

10.33585/cmy.68102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 41-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shazia Parveen ◽

Abdul Hamid Wani ◽

Mohd Yaqub Bhat ◽

Jahangir Abdullah Koka

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Extracts

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Herbicides compromise biological control of ragwort

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2002.64.2452 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

K. Betteridge ◽

D. Costall

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽

Animal Health ◽

Flea Beetle ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Senecio Jacobaea ◽

Longitarsus Jacobaeae ◽

High Ester ◽

Low Levels

In spite of ragwort flea beetle (RFB) being present on a Dannevirke dairy farm, pastures were sprayed each winter to reduce ragwort density and limit the risk of ragwort poisoning of stock. The trial on this farm from June 1999 - October 2001, aimed to determine whether herbicide (H) impacted on RFB and how H and RFB each impacted on ragwort growth and persistence. RFBfree areas were created by spraying with insecticide (I). Effects of ragwort on animal health are also reported. High ester 2,4-D (H) boom-sprayed once only, in June 1999, killed most ragwort plants and reduced RFB larvae densities to low levels before the plants died. Once new ragwort established in treatment H, the plants became infested with RFB larvae. RFB larvae were suppressed by I resulting in ragwort density declining more slowly than in treatments where RFB were not suppressed. Insecticide treatments were stopped after 15 months and, at 24 months, ragwort could not be found within the trial area. Ragwort control was attributed to the cessation of herbicide spraying allowing the RFB population to reach a sufficient density to kill both small and large ragwort plants. Sub-clinical ragwort poisoning was found in livers of culled cows that had grazed on ragwort-dense pastures. Keywords: animal health, biological control, Longitarsus jacobaeae, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ragwort, ragwort flea beetle, Senecio jacobaea

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The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874: the first use of a ladybird for biological control, or a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting?

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2013.0175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 277-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Galbreath ◽

P. J. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

New Zealand ◽

Historical Records ◽

Entomological Society ◽

Beneficial Insects ◽

Coccinella Undecimpunctata

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first importation of an insect for biological control in New Zealand and one of the first anywhere. However, searches of historical records show no evidence that such an introduction was made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record arose by a process of cumulative misreporting. An account of discussions in the Entomological Society of London in December 1873 about possible introductions of various beneficial insects to New Zealand was misreported by the American entomologist C. V. Riley, and several subsequent authors restated his version with further modifications and additions. This created the record of the introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 that has been accepted and repeated ever since.

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