Factors Associated with Contracting Typhoid Fever among Residents of Bluegrass Resettlement Area, Sanyati District, Zimbabwe, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Jakopo Zorodzai ◽  
Daniel Chirundu ◽  
Mufuta Tshimanga ◽  
Notion Gombe ◽  
Lucia Takundwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in children aged 2–16 years in Karachi, Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. KHAN ◽  
R. L. OCHIAI ◽  
S. B. SOOFI ◽  
L. VON-SEIDLEIN ◽  
M. J. KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Cluster Level

SUMMARYWe analysed the data from the control group in a typhoid vaccine trial in Karachi to assess the differences in individual-, household- and cluster-level characteristics for developing typhoid fever. The annual incidence of typhoid in children aged 2–16 years in the control arm of the vaccine trial was 151/100 000 population. After adjustment, the risk of typhoid was lower with increasing age [risk ratio (RR) 0·89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·83–0·95], was higher with an increase in population density (RR 1·13, 95% CI 1·05–1·21) and was lower in the households using a safe drinking-water source (RR 0·63, 95% CI 0·41–0·99). Typhoid fever affects younger children living in areas of high population density and lack of access to safe water in Pakistan. A combination of environmental and biological interventions is required to prevent the continued epidemiological and economic impact of typhoid fever in high-risk areas of Pakistan.

Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in Son La province, northern Vietnam

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Tran ◽  
G. Bjune ◽  
B.M. Nguyen ◽  
J.A. Rottingen ◽  
R.F. Grais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Vietnam

Stain contamination and embedding in electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Contrast Information

Many factors (e.g., resolution of microscope, type of tissue, and preparation of sample) affect electron microscopical images and alter the amount of information that can be retrieved from a specimen. Of interest in this report are those factors associated with the evaluation of epoxy embedded tissues. In this context, informational retrieval is dependant, in part, on the ability to “see” sample detail (e.g., contrast) and, in part, on tue quality of sample preservation. Two aspects of this problem will be discussed: 1) epoxy resins and their effect on image contrast, information retrieval, and sample preservation; and 2) the interaction between some stains commonly used for enhancing contrast and information retrieval.

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