Smoking and Tuberculosis Risk: High Attributable Risk in a Low- Incidence Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Denholm ◽  
◽  
James Trauer ◽  
Emma McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

scholarly journals Risk and Outcome of Secondary Primary Malignancies After Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Mei ◽  
Xiaoqin Yao ◽  
Fang Feng ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Weiwei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Iodine Treatment ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background To investigate the relative risks(RRs) of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) by different sites associated with radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) survivors, and the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment for developing different SPMs. We identified DTC survivors from SEER registries and performed Poisson regression to calculate the RRs of SPMs by different sites associated with RAI treatment, as well as the attributable risk of RAI for different SPMs. Results The RRs of developing SPM associated with RAI varied from 0.86 (0.53-1.40) for SPMs of nervous system to 1.25 (1.05-1.50) for hematologic SPMs. The RRs of developing all cancer combined SPMs generally increased with age at DTC diagnosis and decreased with the latency time. We estimated that the attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment is only 0.9% for all cancer combined SPMs and 20% for hematologic SPMs, which is the highest among all SPMs. The tumor features and mortality of patients treated with and without RAI are generally comparable. Conclusion The RR of developing SPMs associated with RAI treatment in DTC survivors increase only in hematologic systems, with the highest attributable risk proportion of RAI treatment among all cancer combined SPMs. However, in consideration of its low incidence in all DTC survivors, the absolute number of hematologic SPMs would be low. For all cancer combined SPMs in DTC survivors, a very low proportion is associated with RAI treatment, indicating patients and physicians should not be panicked with the RAI treatment in DTC patients.

Multiple Perspectives on the Barriers to Identification and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jana Childes ◽  
Alissa Acker ◽  
Dana Collins
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Vocal Qualities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
University Settings

Pediatric voice disorders are typically a low-incidence population in the average caseload of clinicians working within school and general clinic settings. This occurs despite evidence of a fairly high prevalence of childhood voice disorders and the multiple impacts the voice disorder may have on a child's social development, the perception of the child by others, and the child's academic success. There are multiple barriers that affect the identification of children with abnormal vocal qualities and their access to services. These include: the reliance on school personnel, the ability of parents and caretakers to identify abnormal vocal qualities and signs of misuse, the access to specialized medical services for appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning and issues related to the Speech-Language Pathologists' perception of their skills and competence regarding voice management for pediatric populations. These barriers and possible solutions to them are discussed with perspectives from the school, clinic and university settings.

Carotid endarterectomy following thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naz Ahmed ◽  
Damian Kelleher ◽  
Manmohan Madan ◽  
Sarita Sochart ◽  
George A. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract. Background: Insufficient evidence exists to support the safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischaemic stroke. Our study aimed to report a single-centre experience of patients treated over a five-year period. Patients and methods: Departmental computerised databases were interrogated to identify patients who suffered an ischaemic stroke and subsequently underwent thrombolysis followed by CEA. Mortality and stroke within 30 days of surgery were defined as the primary outcome end points. Results: Over a five-year period, 177 out of a total of 679 carotid endarterectomies (26 %) were performed in patients presenting with acute ischaemic stroke. Twenty-five patients (14 %) received IVT prior to CEA in the form of alteplase. Sixty percent of patients were male with a mean age of 68 years. Sixteen patients (64 %) underwent CEA within 14 days of IVT and the median interval between thrombolysis and CEA was 7.5 days (range, 3–50 days). One female patient died of a further intraoperative stroke within 30 days of surgery, yielding a mortality rate of 4 %. Two patients (8 %) suffered from cardiac complications postoperatively resulting in a short high dependency unit stay. Another two patients (8 %) developed local wound complications, which were managed conservatively without the need for re-operation. The median hospital length of stay was 4.5 days (range, 1–33 days). Conclusions: Our experience indicates that CEA post-thrombolysis has a low incidence of mortality. Further high quality evidence is required before CEA can be routinely recommended following IVT for acute ischaemic stroke.

TBE in Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tagliapietra ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Giovanni Rezza
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
East Part ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe. Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

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