differentiated thyroid cancer
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2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
K. A. Garipov ◽  
Z. A. Afanaseva ◽  
Z. I. Abramova

The aim of the study was to analyze and summarize available literature data on the role of autophagy in thyroid cancer. Material and methods. We analyzed 34 publications available from pubmed and elibrary. Ru databases concerning thyroid cancer and autophagy. Results. The review discussed the role of autophagy in the progression of thyroid cancer. The development of autophagy-targeted therapy was shown can improve treatment for thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancer (dtc) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Treatment of dtc patients who are resistant to radioactive iodine therapy is a major challenge. Molecular targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly improves treatment outcomes. Conclusion. To enhance the therapeutic effect of treatment with multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as to overcome drug resistance, it is necessary to study the role of autophagy in the development and progression of thyroid cancer.


Author(s):  
Jelena Jankovic Miljus ◽  
María Augusta Guillén-Sacoto ◽  
Jennifer Makiadi-Alvarado ◽  
León Wert-Lamas ◽  
Julia Ramirez-Moya ◽  
...  

Abstract Context Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers of thyroid cancer. Objective This study sought to identify the profile of circulating miRNAs and its response to human recombinant TSH (rhTSH) in thyroid cancer patients with recurrent/persistent disease. Methods We obtained serum samples from 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 14 with recurrent/persistent disease and 16 with complete remission. We used next generation sequencing to define the miRnomes along with a comprehensive qPCR validation using two different platforms. We made a transversal study by comparing serum miRNA profiles of patients with or without recurrent/persistent disease and a longitudinal study looking at differences before and after rhTSH stimulation. Selected miRNAs were then studied in human thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1, FTC-133 and OCUT-2 in response to TSH stimulation. Results We could not demonstrate any consistent differences in serum profiles of known miRNAs between patients with and without recurrent/persistent disease or before and after rhTSH stimulation. However, our sequencing data revealed two putative novel miRNAs that rise with rhTSH stimulation in the serums of patients with recurrent/persistent disease. We further confirmed by qPCR the upregulation of these putative miRNAs both in serums and in TSH-stimulated cells. We also show miRNAs that are good candidates for housekeeping genes in the serum of patients independently of the levels of TSH. Conclusions The present study does not provide evidence that known miRNAs can be used as circulating markers for recurrence of thyroid cancer. However, we suggest that novel miRNA molecules may be related to thyroid cancer pathogenesis.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Konishi ◽  
Michimasa Fujiogi ◽  
Nobuaki Michihata ◽  
Takayoshi Niwa ◽  
Kojiro Morita ◽  
...  

Introduction Recent studies have shown worse post-operative outcomes following several surgeries in underweight or obese patients. However, the association between body mass index (BMI) and short-term outcomes following thyroid cancer surgery remains unclear because of the small number of patients, deficits in background data known as risk factors (e.g. cancer stage, operative procedure, intraoperative device use and hospital volume) and categorisation of BMI. Methods We identified patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer from July 2010 to March 2017 using a Japanese nationwide inpatient database. We used restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to investigate potential non-linear associations between BMI (without categorisation) and outcomes: post-operative complications (local and general), duration of anaesthesia, post-operative length of hospital stay and hospitalisation costs. The analyses were adjusted for demographic and clinical backgrounds including the above-stated factors. We also performed multivariable regression analyses for the outcomes with categorisation of BMI. Results Among 59,671 eligible patients, the median BMI was 22.9 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR), 20.7–25.6 kg/m2). In total, 3860 patients (6.5%) had local complications and 787 patients (1.3%) had general complications. Although there were no significant associations with local complications, such as bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and surgical site infection, the occurrence of general complications was significantly associated with higher BMI. BMI showed a linear association with the duration of anaesthesia and U-shaped associations with post-operative length of stay and hospitalisation costs. The lowest points of the U-shaped curves occurred at a BMI of approximately 24 kg/m2. The multivariate regression analyses showed consistent results with the RCS analyses. Discussion/conclusion Whereas RCS analyses revealed no significant associations between BMI and post-operative local complications, obesity was significantly associated with the occurrence of general complications. The linear association between BMI and duration of anaesthesia corresponds to previous studies. Although post-operative length of stay and total hospitalisation costs demonstrated U-shaped associations, the slight differences would not be clinically important. Even if surgeons must pay attention to general complications in obese patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery as well as other surgeries, underweight and overweight patients can undergo thyroidectomy as safely as patients with normal BMI.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Furio Pacini ◽  
Dagmar Fuhrer ◽  
Rossella Elisei ◽  
Daria Handkiewicz-Junak ◽  
Sophie Leboulleux ◽  
...  

Modern use of post-operative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) should be implemented in line with patients’ risk stratification. Although beneficial effects of radioiodine are undisputed in high-risk patients, controversy remains in intermediate-risk and some low-risk patients. Since the last consensus on post-surgical use of RAI in DTC patients, new retrospective data and results of prospective randomized trials have been published, which have allowed the development of a new European Thyroid Association (ETA) statement for the indications of post-surgical RAI therapy in DTC. Questions about which patients are candidates for RAI therapy, which activities of RAI can be used, and which modalities of pre-treatment patient preparation should be used are addressed in the present guidelines.


Thyroid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shobab ◽  
Kenneth D Burman ◽  
Leonard Wartofsky

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Castillo-Saavedra ◽  
Juan José Castillo-Dávila ◽  
Dania Lizet Quintanilla-Flores ◽  
Anally Jamile Soto-García

Abstract Introduction: There is evidence that insulin resistance is associated with different types of cancer. This resistance increases the incidence of benign thyroid nodules and the risk of developing Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, however, studies in this regard are required. Objective: To assess if there are differences in the prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and patients with benign thyroid nodule. Material and methods: Prospective, analytical and cross-sectional design study. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy and definitive diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer or benign thyroid nodule were included. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were evaluated and differences in prevalence of insulin resistance were identified. To compare continuous variables, Student's T or Mann Whitney's U was used. To evaluate differences in categorical variables, the two-sided Fisher test when two binary variables were contrasted and Pearson's X2 in variables with more than two categories. Factors were analyzed through multivariate analysis obtaining odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.Results: A lower possibility of cancer was concluded: hereditary-family history of thyroid disease and hypothyroidism (OR 0.159; 95% CI 0.038-0.669; p = 0.012). Positive HOMA-IR showed a significant association in residual structural disease (P = 0.050) and local vascular invasion (p = 0.014).Conclusions: No significant association was obtained between positive HOMA-IR and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, compared with the Benignity group. It seems that there is a greater tendency to lack of structural and biochemical resolution in patients with malignancy and positive HOMA-IR.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Kupik ◽  
Bayram Şen ◽  
Medeni Arpa ◽  
Levent Akça ◽  
Uğur Avcı ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: There is a need to evaluate the treatment response in patients who have undergone radioiodine treatment (RIT) for differentiated thyroid cancer. Our study aimed to show thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) effects on quality of life and psychological symptoms in female patients with low-risk, well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer. Methods: We applied the short form-36 (SF-36) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaires to the patients in the euthyroid state who have referred a median of 9 months (6-13 months) after RIT to perform a diagnostic whole-body scan (dWBS) and to evaluate stimulated Tg. We applied the same questionnaire again when thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was > 30 μIU/mL 4 weeks after THW (hypothyroid state). We evaluated the changes in questionnaire scores using the paired-samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Our study included 52 patients (median age 48 years, range 23-65 years). There was a statistically significant worsening in anxiety, psychosis, additional items, and general symptom index symptoms with the SCL-90-R questionnaire, physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social function, general health, and health change with the SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: THW worsened the patients' psychological symptoms and quality of life. Thyrotropin alfa is an alternative to reduce side effects, but it can be costly and difficult to obtain in developing countries. In order to reduce the side effects of hypothyroidism and avoid the high cost, treatment response assessment can be done only in selected patient groups.


Thyroid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Mollen ◽  
Amber D Shaffer ◽  
Linwah Yip ◽  
Sara Monaco ◽  
Phillip Huyett ◽  
...  

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