Race and Ethnicity as Barriers to ART Access

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Daar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Income Levels

This chapter analyzes the racialization of infertility care in the United States, and seeks to understand why ART stratifies along race and ethnic lines. Researchers and scholars have proposed several theories, including lower income levels and access to insurance in minority populations, social factors that make women of color less likely to seek treatment for infertility, historic factors that give rise to a continuing aura of mistrust in the doctor–patient relationship, and express and implied discrimination by doctors who view minority populations as less deserving of parenthood than white patients. The chapter shows how these new eugenics, like the old eugenics, can persist only so long as political power structures support and advance their agenda.

A Typology of Inner–Ring Suburbs: Class, Race, and Ethnicity in U.S. Suburbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Different Types

Inner–ring suburbs initially built in the postwar period and before have evolved into places with varied characteristics, assets, and problems. Analyzing a sample of 1,742 inner–ring suburbs nationwide, this article identifies five different types: “vulnerable;”“ethnic;”“lower income and mixed;”“old;” and “middle class.” This typology indicates that inner–ring suburbs, often perceived as homogenous entities, are in fact places largely differentiated by issues of class, race, and ethnicity. as this article demonstrates, the identification of these different types of inner–ring suburbs reveals much about suburban transformation, stability, and decline in the United States.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caron E. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
Feminist Thought

This introduction contrasts the election of President Obama with the election of President Trump, introducing the concept of anxiety politics and the role of emotions in discourse. It argues that while Christian realism, as articulated by Reinhold Niebuhr, continues to be relevant, its discussion of power structures and anxiety needs to be reevaluated in light of feminist thought. It does so by intersecting Niebuhr with other theologies on the imago dei and creativity. In this way it can better account for the racial and misogynist structures that the United States is founded upon and that continue to haunt and effect US politics.

scholarly journals Trends in Esophageal Cancer Mortality and Stage at Diagnosis by Race and Ethnicity in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Corona ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Eric Esrailian ◽  
Kevin A. Ghassemi ◽  
Jeffrey L. Conklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Seer Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Mortality and disease stage at diagnosis are important indicators of improvements in cancer prevention and control. We examined United States trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) mortality and stage at diagnosis by race and ethnicity. Methods We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to identify individuals with histologically confirmed EAC and ESCC between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2016. For both EAC and ESCC, we calculated age-adjusted mortality and the proportion presenting at each stage by race/ethnicity, sex, and year. We then calculated the annual percent change (APC) in each indicator by race/ethnicity and examined changes over time. Results The study included 19,257 EAC cases and 15,162 ESCC cases. EAC mortality increased significantly overall and in non-Hispanic Whites from 1993 to 2012 and from 1993 to 2010, respectively. EAC mortality continued to rise among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) (APC = 1.60, p = 0.01). NHB experienced the fastest decline in ESCC mortality (APC = − 4.53, p < 0.001) yet maintained the highest mortality at the end of the study period. Proportions of late stage disease increased overall by 18.5 and 24.5 percentage points for EAC and ESCC respectively; trends varied by race/ethnicity. Conclusion We found notable differences in trends in EAC and ESCC mortality and stage at diagnosis by race/ethnicity. Stage migration resulting from improvements in diagnosis and treatment may partially explain recent trends in disease stage at diagnosis. Future efforts should identify factors driving current esophageal cancer disparities.

EPID-10. GLIOMA INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL BY INCOME LEVEL IN THE UNITED STATES GENERAL POPULATION AGES AND ABOVE FROM 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi88
Author(s):  
Jennifer Murillo ◽  
Elizabeth Anyanda ◽  
Jason Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in the United States with previous studies showing the incidence varied by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Survival after diagnosis has also been shown to vary by these factors. Also, socioeconomic status and its association with various cancers have also been studied at length over time. PURPOSE: The purpose of our research was to quantify the differences in incidence and survival rates of gliomas in 15 years and older by income level. METHODS: This population-based study obtained incidence and survival data from the Incidence-SEER Research Database the general population. Average age incidence were generated by glioma groups and grouped by income levels. Survival rates were generated by overall glioma diagnosis grouped by observed survival at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months and by again by income levels. The analysis included 94,207 patients with glioma diagnosed in those aged 15 years or older. RESULTS: Overall, 94, 207 patients diagnosed with glioma were analyzed. Of these, 1,089 (1.16%) fell into the &lt; $35k group, 1,684 (1.79%) in the $35k-$40k group, 3,473 (3.69%) in the $40k-$45k group, 5,647 (5.99%) in the $45k-$50k group, 7,138 (7.58%) in the $50k-$55k group, 6,468 (6.87%) in the $55k-$60k group, 15,348 (16.29%) in the $60k-$65k group, 13,216 (14.03%) in the $65k-$70k group, 9,035 (9.59%) in the $70k-$75k group, and 31,109 (33.02%) fell in &gt; $75k group. The data was also broken further down into survivability showing average survival. CONCLUSION: Incidence of glioma and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 month survival rates after diagnosis vary significantly by income level with higher income level greater than $75,000+ having higher incidence and higher survival rates compared with lower income levels. Further research is needed to help determine risk factors and barriers to care to help reveal health disparities.

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