HIV Risk Factors, HIV Antibody Testing, and AIDS Knowledge Among Older Americans

This study assessed the situational and sociodemographic characteristics of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from pediatric sexual abuse. A letter of inquiry was sent to 2147 professionals across health and social service disciplines involved with child abuse assessment, treatment, and prevention. Respondents working in programs where HIV antibody testing of abuse victims occurs and who had identified HIV infection in one or more abused children were sent a survey to assess the demographics of victims, the family/living situation where abuse occurred, alternative risks for HIV infection, bases for diagnosis of sexual abuse and for HIV antibody testing, and profiles of the perpetrator and type of abuse. Of 5622 estimated HIV antibody tests conducted during 113 198 sex abuse assessments, 28 children were infected with HIV and lacked any alternative transmission route to that of sexual abuse. A total of 41 HIV-infected children with a history of sexual abuse were identified. Thirteen cases had alternative risk factors and were excluded from analysis. Sixty-four percent of the 28 victims with sexual abuse as the sole risk factor were female and 71% were African-American. The mean age was 9 years. Coinfection with another sexually transmitted disease (STD) occurred in 9 (33%) cases. Sexual abuse was diagnosed on the basis of a victim disclosure in 21 (75%) cases. The basis for HIV antibody testing was physical findings suggestive of HIV infection in 9 (32%) cases, HIV-seropositive or high-risk perpetrator in 6 (21%) and 2 (7%) cases, respectively, and the presence of another STD in the victim in 4 (14%) cases. Perpetrators were a child's parent in 10 (42%) cases and another relative in 6 (25%) cases. Perpetrators had behavioral risk factors for or signs/symptoms of HIV infection in 14 (58%) cases. The serostatus of perpetrators was known at time of abuse assessment in 16 (67%) cases and all were seropositive. Duration and form of abusive acts were variable, with 3 victims reporting a single episode and 13 (68%) reporting 6 or more episodes. Penile vaginal and/or rectal penetration was reported in only 50% of cases. It is concluded that sexual abuse must be considered as a potential, although infrequent, mode of transmission of HIV infection in children. Children who have been abused should be evaluated selectively for HIV infection particularly if the perpetrator is known to be HIV seropositive or engages in HIV high-risk behavior, if abuse occurred in a geographic area of high disease prevalence, and if the child has symptoms of HIV infection or another STD. Children who are found to be HIV infected and lack risk factors such as prior transfusion or maternal (perinatal) infection should be assessed for pediatric sexual abuse.

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Impact of HIV risk factors on survival in Iranian HIV-infected patients: A Bayesian approach to retrospective cohort

HIV & AIDS Review ◽

10.5114/hivar.2017.68117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 100-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Maracy ◽

Shayan Mostafaei ◽

Mohsen Moghoofei ◽

Marjan Mansourian

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Bayesian Approach ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Hiv Risk Factors

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Progestin-based contraception regimens modulate expression of putative HIV risk factors in the vaginal epithelium of pig-tailed Macaques

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/aji.13029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. e13029

Author(s):

Steven E. Bosinger ◽

Gregory K. Tharp ◽

Nirav B. Patel ◽

Chunxia Zhao ◽

Tamika L. Payne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Vaginal Epithelium ◽

Hiv Risk Factors

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Identifying risk factors for HIV-positive test results in walk-in and hospitalized patients in a Mexico City HIV clinic: a descriptive study

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462419828604 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 569-576

Author(s):

Ester Gutiérrez-Velilla ◽

Francisco J Quezada-Juárez ◽

Ivonne N Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Maria C Iglesias ◽

Gustavo Reyes-Terán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Mexico City ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

City Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Hiv Risk Factors

The objective of this study was to analyze risk factors for HIV-positive tests in walk-in users and in hospitalized patients in a Mexico City hospital. We undertook a cross-sectional study based on routine HIV testing and counseling service data in adults undergoing an HIV test from January 2015 to July 2017. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for walk-in and hospitalized patients. The results showed that 2040 people tested during the period; hospitalized patients were more likely to test HIV-positive than walk-in users (18 versus 15%; p < 0.05). HIV risk factors for hospitalized patients included being men who have sex with men (MSM) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.2, 95% CI 2.0–26.5), divorced (aOR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3–14.4), having 3–5 lifetime sexual partners (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0–7.4), and being in the emergency room (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1–11.3), intensive care (aOR 27.2, 95% CI 3.4–217.2), or clinical pneumology wards (aOR 33.4, 95% CI 9.7–115.2). In the walk-in group, HIV risk factors included being male (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–5.9), being MSM (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 2.0–9.5), having sex while using drugs (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0), being referred by a physician for testing (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6–6.3), and perceiving oneself at risk (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.3–6.3). Differential risk factors found among hospitalized patients and walk-in testers can be helpful in designing better HIV testing strategies to increase early diagnosis and linkage to care.

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