The work is devoted to improving the effectiveness of treatment of patients with complications and consequences of fractures of the long bones of the extremities by improving and developing new surgical techniques aimed at early individual social and household rehabilitation due to the maximally complete and rapid restoration of the integrity and functions of the damaged segment. Reconstructive operations were performed in 285 patients with delayed fracture consolidation, incorrectly fused fractures, false joints, and false joints with chronic osteomyelitis. The analysis of the applied treatment methods effectiveness from the viewpoint of optimizing the treatment process allowed us to develop an algorithm for the surgical treatment of patients with complications and consequences of fractures of the long bones of the extremities. The use of the proposed algorithm in surgical treatment maximally eliminates possible errors and increases the treatment effectiveness.