scholarly journals Intra-operative imaging in trauma surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Keil ◽  
Nils Beisemann ◽  
Benedict Swartman ◽  
Sven Yves Vetter ◽  
Paul Alfred Grützner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Joint Fractures ◽  
Rotational Orientation ◽  
Radiology Technicians ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Special Circumstances

The reconstruction of anatomical joint surfaces, limb alignment and rotational orientation are crucial in the treatment of fractures in terms of preservation of function and range of motion. To assess reduction and implant position intra-operatively, mobile C-arms are mandatory to immediately and continuously control these parameters. Usually, these devices are operated by OR staff or radiology technicians and assessed by the surgeon who is performing the procedure. Moreover, due to special objectives in the intra-operative setting, the situation cannot be compared with standard radiological image acquisition. Thus, surgeons need to be trained and educated to ensure correct technical conduct and interpretation of radiographs. It is essential to know the standard views of the joints and long bones and how to position the patient and C-arm in order to acquire these views. Additionally, the operating field must remain sterile, and the radiation exposure of the patient and staff must be kept as low as possible. In some situations, especially when reconstructing complex joint fractures or spinal injuries, complete evaluation of critical aspects of the surgical results is limited in two-dimensional views and fluoroscopy. Intra-operative three-dimensional imaging using special C-arms offers a valuable opportunity to improve intra-operative assessment and thus patient outcome. In this article, common fracture situations in trauma surgery as well as special circumstances that the surgeon may encounter are addressed. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:541-549. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170074

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrasound for knee osteophyte depiction: a comparative study to computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Vendries ◽  
Tamas Ungi ◽  
Jordan Harry ◽  
Manuela Kunz ◽  
Jana Podlipská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Structured Light Scanner ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

Abstract Purpose Osteophytes are common radiographic markers of osteoarthritis. However, they are not accurately depicted using conventional imaging, thus hampering surgical interventions that rely on pre-operative images. Studies have shown that ultrasound (US) is promising at detecting osteophytes and monitoring the progression of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound reconstructions may offer a means to quantify osteophytes. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of osteophyte depiction in the knee joint between 3D US and conventional computed tomography (CT). Methods Eleven human cadaveric knees were pre-screened for the presence of osteophytes. Three osteoarthritic knees were selected, and then, 3D US and CT images were obtained, segmented, and digitally reconstructed in 3D. After dissection, high-resolution structured light scanner (SLS) images of the joint surfaces were obtained. Surface matching and root mean square (RMS) error analyses of surface distances were performed to assess the accuracy of each modality in capturing osteophytes. The RMS errors were compared between 3D US, CT and SLS models. Results Average RMS error comparisons for 3D US versus SLS and CT versus SLS models were 0.87 mm ± 0.33 mm (average ± standard deviation) and 0.95 mm ± 0.32 mm, respectively. No statistical difference was found between 3D US and CT. Comparative observations of imaging modalities suggested that 3D US better depicted osteophytes with cartilage and fibrocartilage tissue characteristics compared to CT. Conclusion Using 3D US can improve the depiction of osteophytes with a cartilaginous portion compared to CT. It can also provide useful information about the presence and extent of osteophytes. Whilst algorithm improvements for automatic segmentation and registration of US are needed to provide a more robust investigation of osteophyte depiction accuracy, this investigation puts forward the potential application for 3D US in routine diagnostic evaluations and pre-operative planning of osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Application of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D ultrasound) to pretreatment evaluation of plastic induration of the penis (Peyronie’s disease)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Janusz Ferdynand Tyloch ◽  
Dominik Janusz Tyloch ◽  
Jan Adamowicz ◽  
Patryk Warsiński ◽  
Adam Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Peyronie’S Disease ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Peyronie's Disease ◽  
Valuable Complement

Aim: Peyronie’s disease (PD) or plastic induration of the penis, require complete evaluation of plaques in order to decide the best therapeutic option for patient. The purpose of this study is to compare the findings of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) and two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) in patients with PD.Materials and methods: Twenty patients with PD aged 30 to 72 years were included in study. The examination was performed with a 12 MHz linear probe, using 2D US and 3D US. Localization and size of plaques were determined and time needed for imagine acquisition was determined in every case.Results: 3D ultrasound permits the visualization of the entire plaque in the coronal plane of plaque with its precise measurements. No statistical difference in plaque dimensions and its surface area assessment using 3D US and 2D US was found (127.72 mm² vs. 128.74 mm², p>0.05). The possibility to perform detailed analysis of the acquired images using generated digital cube reduced the average duration of the acquisition to 69.8 seconds (median 64 seconds) for 3D US vs. 151.25 seconds (median 145.5 seconds) for 2D US (p<0.05). A supplementary plaque was detected using 3D US.Conclusions: 3D US seems to be a valuable complement of 2D US for patients with PD. The acquisition time is significantly reduced using 3D US comparing to 2D US and thus it is more comfortable for the patient.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Study on Normal Contact Stiffness of Joint Surfaces with Surface Texturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Chao Yin ◽  
Hai-Hong Huang ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Zhi-Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Normal Contact Stiffness

Abstract Effects of surface texturing on the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces had been investigated by experiments in many previous researches; however, there are relatively few theoretical models in this regard. The rough surface with surface texturing can be divided into two parts: the textured zone and the remaining zone, and their theoretical models are established respectively in this research. For the textured zone, the texture is modeled theoretically based on the three-dimensional topographic data obtained via a 3D-CCMP1 type laser profilometer from TRIMOS. For the remaining zone, the model of normal contact stiffness is established based on the fractal theory for the surface topography description and elastic-plastic deformation of surface asperities, and the structure function method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of rough surface profiles. In the experiment, the normal contact stiffness of specimens is obtained under different normal loads, and the test results are compared with the theoretical predictions. The result shows that the predictions of proposed theoretical model are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the joint surfaces with Sa>2.69 μm, the normal contact stiffness can be effectively increased through proper surface texturing.

scholarly journals Root Canal System Analysis with a Group of First Permanent Molars of Upper and Lower Jaw

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
K. Mroczek ◽  
K. Szlązak ◽  
E. Jodkowska ◽  
J. Jaroszewicz ◽  
W. Swięszkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Canal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulp Inflammation ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Abstract A progressive bacteria invasion on tooth tissues leads to pulp inflammation, microabscesses of the pulp, destruction and in consequence inflammation of periapical tissues. Therefore the aim of endodontic treatment is three dimensional debridement of a root canal from the vent in pulp chamber to the physiological narrowing. Therefore the aim of the study is analysis of root canal configuration, number of canals, presence of lateral canals and canal delta with the group of first permanent molars. At the same time the accuracy of the radiological examination (x-ray images) is estimated due to comprehension of X-ray images performed before teeth preparation with root canal system and after observation of transversal cuts by means of light microscopy and microtomography. This establishment is presented through the differences in conventional radiological image and clinical assessment.

scholarly journals Precise Measurement of Cat Patellofemoral Joint Surface Geometry With Multistation Digital Photogrammetry

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ronsky ◽  
S. K. Boyd ◽  
D. D. Lichti ◽  
M. A. Chapman ◽  
K. Sˇalkauskas
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Camera Lens ◽  
Joint Surfaces

Three-dimensional joint models are important tools for investigating mechanisms related to normal and pathological joints. Often these models necessitate accurate three-dimensional joint surface geometric data so that reliable model results can be obtained; however, in models based on small joints, this is often problematic due to limitations of the present techniques. These limitations include insufficient measurement precision, the requirement of contact for the measurement process, and lack of entire joint description. This study presents a new non-contact method for precise determination of entire joint surfaces using multistation digital photogrammetry (MDPG) and is demonstrated by determining the cartilage and subchondral bone surfaces of the cat patellofemoral (PF) joint. The digital camera–lens setup was precisely calibrated using 16 photographs arranged to achieve highly convergent geometry to estimate interior and distortion parameters of the camera–lens setup. Subsequently, six photographs of each joint surface were then acquired for surface measurement. The digital images were directly imported to a computer and newly introduced semi-automatic computer algorithms were used to precisely determine the image coordinates. Finally, a rigorous mathematical procedure named the bundle adjustment was used to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the joint surfaces and to estimate the precision of the coordinates. These estimations were validated by comparing the MDPG measurements of a cylinder and plane to an analytical model. The joint surfaces were successfully measured using the MDPG method with mean precision estimates in the least favorable coordinate direction being 10.3 μm for subchondral bone and 17.9 μm for cartilage. The difference in measurement precision for bone and cartilage primarily reflects differences in the translucent properties of the surfaces.

Self-similar circular shear cracks lacking cohesion

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1789-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Burridge ◽  
Cesar Levy
Keyword(s):  
Wave Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Shear Cracks ◽  
Antiplane Strain ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Crack Problems

abstract It has recently been shown (Burridge, 1973) that in two dimensions plane-strain shear cracks lacking cohesion may run at speeds ranging from the Rayleigh-wave to the S-wave speed or possibly at the P-wave speed. On the other hand, it has long been known that in antiplane strain, cracks lacking cohesion must run at least at the S-wave speed. Since locally at the edge of a three-dimensional crack there is a combination of plane and antiplane strain, we have sought and found solutions for circular shear cracks expanding at the S-wave speed and at the P-wave speed. These have finite shear tractions ahead of the crack and so may correspond to frictional sliding in the absence of cohesion. The analysis combines the method of Kostrov (1964b) with the results of Burridge (1973). We carry out a complete evaluation for the displacements and tractions on the fault plane, and far-field radiation for the S-wave-speed crack. The corresponding evaluations for the P-wave speed are not elementary and are not attempted here. As far as the authors are aware, these are the first analytic solutions of three-dimensional crack problems which satisfy a physically plausible fracture criterion for failure under shear.

Current concepts and applications of computer navigation in orthopedic trauma surgery

Open Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kendoff ◽  
M. Citak ◽  
T. Hüfner ◽  
S. Chaudhary ◽  
C. Krettek
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Navigation ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma Surgery ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractNavigation has become widely integrated into regular endoprosthetic procedures, but clinical use of navigation systems in orthopaedic trauma has only been implemented in a few indications. Navigation systems enable an accuracy of 1 mm or 1 degree. Navigation can achieve higher precision when it is combined with different imaging modalities, including preoperative computer tomography (CT), intraoperative CT, two-dimensional fluoroscopy, and, recently, intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy. The precision of the navigation system can be influenced by the surgeon as well as by the camera system, type of reference marker, and the registration process. Recent developments in orthopedic trauma navigation allow for bilateral femoral anteversion measurements, noninvasive registration of an uninjured thigh, and intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based pedicle screw placement. Although the use of navigation has provided initial positive results in trauma care, prospective clinical studies remain to be performed.

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