Developmental duration of Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) reared on Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Thrips are important pests of agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops worldwide. In addition to direct damages caused by feeding, several thrips species can transmit diverse tospoviruses. The present understanding of thrips–tospovirus relationships is largely based on studies of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Little is known about other predominant tospoviruses and their thrips vectors. In this study, we report the progression of watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) infection in its vector, melon thrips (Thrips palmi). Virus infection was visualized in different life stages of thrips using WBNV-nucleocapsid protein antibodies detected with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. The anterior midgut was the first to be infected with WBNV in the first instar larvae. The midgut of T. palmi was connected to the principal salivary glands (PSG) via ligaments and the tubular salivary glands (TSG). The infection progressed to the PSG primarily through the connecting ligaments during early larval instars. The TSG may also have an ancillary role in disseminating WBNV from the midgut to PSG in older instars of T. palmi. Infection of WBNV was also spread to the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and posterior portion of the foregut during the adult stage. Maximum virus-specific fluorescence in the anterior midgut and PSG indicated the primary sites for WBNV replication. These findings will help to better understand the thrips–tospovirus molecular relationships and identify novel potential targets for their management. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the WBNV dissemination path in its vector, T. palmi.

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Timing of Mouse Molar Formation Is Independent of Jaw Length Including Retromolar Space

Journal of Developmental Biology ◽

10.3390/jdb9010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Daisy (Jihyung) Ko ◽

Tess Kelly ◽

Lacey Thompson ◽

Jasmene K. Uppal ◽

Nasim Rostampour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Onset Time ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Third Molars ◽

Developmental Duration ◽

Dental Lamina ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Dental Epithelium ◽

Space Conditions

For humans and other mammals to eat effectively, teeth must develop properly inside the jaw. Deciphering craniodental integration is central to explaining the timely formation of permanent molars, including third molars which are often impacted in humans, and to clarifying how teeth and jaws fit, function and evolve together. A factor long-posited to influence molar onset time is the jaw space available for each molar organ to form within. Here, we tested whether each successive molar initiates only after a minimum threshold of space is created via jaw growth. We used synchrotron-based micro-CT scanning to assess developing molars in situ within jaws of C57BL/6J mice aged E10 to P32, encompassing molar onset to emergence. We compared total jaw, retromolar and molar lengths, and molar onset times, between upper and lower jaws. Initiation time and developmental duration were comparable between molar upper and lower counterparts despite shorter, slower-growing retromolar space in the upper jaw, and despite size differences between upper and lower molars. Timing of molar formation appears unmoved by jaw length including space. Conditions within the dental lamina likely influence molar onset much more than surrounding jaw tissues. We theorize that molar initiation is contingent on sufficient surface area for the physical reorganization of dental epithelium and its invagination of underlying mesenchyme.

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Resistance to Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Beans

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/95.5.1066 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1066-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cesar Cardona ◽

Andrea Frei ◽

Juan M. Bueno ◽

John Diaz ◽

Hainan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thrips Palmi

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Prey Suitability of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) for the Development and Reproduction of Wollastoniella rotunda (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1303/jjaez.2008.7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masayoshi Uefune ◽

Yoshitaka Nakashima ◽

Eiko Tagashira ◽

Kazuya Nagai ◽

Yoshimi Hirose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Kanzawai ◽

Prey Suitability ◽

Thrips Palmi

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Effects of short-term heat stress on the development and reproduction of predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari, Phytoseiidae)

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.26.4.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 713-723

Author(s):

Wei Zhen Li ◽

Hao Long Li ◽

Zi Kun Guo ◽

Su Qin Shang

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Life Span ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Predatory Mite ◽

Immature Stage ◽

Oviposition Period ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Developmental Duration ◽

Adult Females

The predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is one of the best natural enemies, has been used as a biological control agent against multiple insect pests, such as spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and thrips. Its growth and development were affected by the environmental temperature changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the hatching rate of the eggs and the immature developmental times of N. barkeri after incubation of the eggs under heat stress at 38, 40 and 42℃, 85% ± 5% RH and a 16h:8h light: dark (L:D) photoperiod for 2, 4 and 6h. After adult females emerged, they were treated under the same conditions again, and the parameters such as oviposition period, fecundity and female longevity were observed. The results showed that with the increase of the temperature and the extension of the duration of the heat stress, the hatching rate was lower. The eggs treated at 42℃ for 2h or more could not hatch, and the developmental duration of each immature stage showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing. The fastest development was observed after incubation of eggs at 40℃ for 2h, and the shortest developmental duration was 4.60d. Under the condition of 38℃, the oviposition period and life span of adult females were shortened with the extension of treatment time, and the fecundity decreased at first and then increased. At 40℃, the fecundity, oviposition period and longevity of adult females showed a trend of gradual increase with the extension of treatment time. The shortest oviposition period, the lowest fecundity and the shortest life span of adult females were 12.14d, 18.92 eggs and 16.65d, respectively after incubation of eggs at 40℃, for 2h. Therefore, the short-term heat stress had a significant effect on the hatching rate and the duration of the immature stage, and also had a negative effect on the fecundity, oviposition period and longevity of adult females. In rearing and field release, heat stress should be avoided as much as possible to achieve the best predation and control effect of N. barkeri.

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Thrips palmi. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20066600480 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

French Polynesia ◽

American Samoa ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Brunei Darussalam ◽

Thrips Palmi

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Thrips palmi Karny Thysanoptera: Thripidae Attacks mainly Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, UK, ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Sudan, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Goias, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

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